syriac (syriac aramaic)

ܫܠܡܐ ܘܫܝܢܐ Could someone please translate ܢܓܬ ܝܐ ܐܣܪܐܝܠ ܩܐܠ ܐܠܠܗ ܐܪܓܥ ܐܠܝ ܦܐܢܙܥ ܡܥܐܪܟ for me? It's the first three lines of the attached image. And if someone could tell me what this document is about, I would be most grateful. ܬܘܕܝ

What is the difference between the two translations of acts of the apostles? ܦܪܟܣܝܣ ܕܫܠܝ̈ܚܐ ܦܪܟܣܣ ܕܫܠܝ̈ܚܐ One has an extra y. Does it make a difference? Is the one with y a plural? It should be plural because it is actS, not act.

Hi, If the subject is a third person pronoun, one does not need to mention it explicitly. Does that mean that ܛܳܒ is a complete sentence meaning "He/it is good." and ܛܳܒܳܐ is a complete sentence meaning "She is good."? Note that both of them are adjectives, not verbs! Toda raba

Hi, In the word ܓܪܒܐ the b is spirantized when it means leprosy but not spirantized when it means leper. Why? In both cases it has a non-vowel before it. If there is no vowel, there should be no spirantization either. Right? Toda raba

Hi, What do we call the one who fixes and corrects things in Syriac? For example, when he finds a rock blocking the road, he removes it, and when he finds a lost one, he takes him to his place, etc.!

Hi everyone In West Syriac pronunciation all the long a's have shifted to o. Is this the Canaanite shift in Aramaic? They say ܟܝܦܐ as kifo, not kipā. Thanks

Hi guys, When you write "She killed" in Estrangela you write ܩܛܠ݂ܬ݁. What is the function of the two dots here? Note that one is above the last letter and one is below the second-last letter. Thanks again

In Aramaic the third person masculine forms (both singular & plural) and third person feminine plural have the preformative י, as in Arabic (يفعل يفعلون يفعلن). But in Syriac you always encounter an ܢ instead. Does ܝ ever occur as the preformative in Syriac? And does anyone know when the shift...

Both ܐܶܫܬܰܘܚܰܪ and ܐܰܘܚܰܪ mean "(to) delay". Is the first the passive of the second? Is the second transitive and the first not? Isn't the passive of aphel ettaphal?

Hi guys, To say 'she went' you say ܐܶܙܰܠ̱ܬ. Is this pronounced ezat or ezzat? Thanks again

In Syriac you indicate the agent of a passive verb by using ܡܢ and the agent of a passive participle by using ܠ. Like ܡܐܡܪܐ ܕܥܒܝܕ ܠܩܕܝܫܐ ܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ means a memra composed by the holy Mar Ephrem and ܐܬܦܩܕ ܡܢ ܫܠܝܚܐ means it was commanded by the apostle What about in biblical Aramaic? Do you use...

Hi, Is there a reason why in some forms of the verb ܣܠܩ (to go up) the ܠ assimilates to the following letter? Even in the Old Testament we have הַסִּ֙קוּ֙ in כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֗ה מִן־דִּ֞י מִלַּ֤ת מַלְכָּא֙ מַחְצְפָ֔ה וְאַתּוּנָ֖א אֵזֵ֣ה יַתִּ֑ירָא גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֗ךְ דִּ֤י הַסִּ֙קוּ֙...

Hi The plurals of ܨܒܘܽܬܳܐ (thing) and ܨܠܘܿܬܳܐ (prayer) are respectively ܨܶܒ̈ܘܳܬܳܐ and ܨܠܱ̈ܘܳܬܳܐ. It is clear that when the plurals were formed, the vowel (u and o, respectively) turned into consonants (ܘ in both cases). This resulted in three consonants in a row at the beginning of the word...

Luke 2:45: ܘܠܐ ܐܫܟܚܘܗܝ ܘܗܦܟܘ ܠܗܘܢ ܬܘܒ ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܘܒܥܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗ ܀ When they did not find him, they returned to Jerusalem to search for him. This use of the preposition ܠ is called the pleonastic dative. What does that mean and how is it represented in the translation?

Is there a rule for deciding how to add an objective pronominal suffix to a verb? Because the connecting vowel varies, and sometimes the verb itself changes too. Like ܩܛܰܠܬ݁ܳܢܝ and ܩܛܰܠܬ݁ܝܺܢܝ both mean "you killed me", but the vowel changes in each one.

Hi In another thread someone mentioned that the feminine termination -ṯā is always spirantized, even if there is no vowel before it, as in ܐܰܡܬܳܐ (maidservant). That person said that ܡܵܪܬ݁ܝ (feminine of ܡܵܪܝ) was an exception. But there seem to be many more exceptions, like: ܐܰܪܡܰܠܬܳܐ widow...

In Syriac "this" (for masculine) is ܗܳܢܳܐ but in Aramaic it was דּנָה. Did the ד change into ה? I don't think so, because in the feminine form this did not happen. Look at דָּא and ܗܳܕܶܐ. They both have kept the ד.

Hi, Matthew 16:22 - ܘܕ݂ܰܒ݂ܪܶܗ ܟ݁ܺܐܦ݂ܳܐ ܘܫܰܪܺܝ ܠܡܶܟ݂ܳܐܐ ܒ݁ܶܗ ܘܶܐܡܰܪ ܚܳܣ ܠܳܟ݂ ܡܳܪܝ ܕ݁ܬ݂ܶܗܘܶܐ ܠܳܟ݂ ܗܳܕ݂ܶܐ ܀ This means "Then Peter took him, and began to rebuke him, saying, Be it far from thee, Lord: this shall not be unto thee." Does ܚܳܣ mean "far be it"? If it does then it seems to be related...

In Syriac the verb ܩܰܪܶܒ is meaning "to offer". Is this the causative meaning of the peal (ground) stem, which is ܩܪܶܒ (meaning "to draw near, touch"). These meanings are given in the glossary of Coakley's book on page 162. Robinson’s Paradigms and Exercises in Syriac Grammar 6TH EDITION by J...

The verbal sentence in Arabic can begins with a singular or plural verb like خاطبني الناس خاطبوني الناس Is it the same in Aramaic, or they only use plural verb with plural subject?

Hi, What is the difference between ܩܳܛܶܠ and ܩܳܛܽܘܿܠ when both are active participles? I don't mean this root (q t l) specifically but in general. Here are some examples: ܢܳܛܶܪ and ܢܳܛܽܘܪ both mean keeper ܩܳܛܶܠ and ܩܳܛܽܘܿܠ both mean killer ܦܳܪܶܩ and ܦܳܪܽܘܩ both mean savior Toda raba

Hi everyone Look at these two sentences: ܡܰܠܟܬܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܚܒܰܪܬܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ The first means "She is the queen" and the second sentence means "She is the companion." Now, the absolute state of queen is ܡܰܠܟܳܐ and construct state is ܡܰܠܟܰܬ, and the absolute state of companion (female) is ܚܰܒܪܳܐ and...

Some dictionaries give ܬܰܠܡܶܕ as a conjugation of ܠܡܕ. Specifically, they say it is from the stem taph'el. Are there any other examples of this stem? I have never come across any.

Hi guys, The translation of ܣܠܩ ܗܘܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܦ ܝܘܣܦ (Luke 2:4) is Joseph too had gone up. What does ܕܝܢ mean here? Thanks again

Hi, In Hebrew we use יש or אין with an infinitive to mean "you must" or "you must not" respectively. Like יש לך ללכת or אין לך ללכת. In Syriac are ܐܝܬ and ܠܝܬ used in the same way? Like ܐܝܬ ܠܢ ܠܡܫܡܥ Toda raba

Hi everyone The emphatic plural ending in Syriac is usually -ē, but the word ܒܢܱ̈ܝܳܐ (singular: ܒܪܳܐ son) has the older Aramaic ending -ayyā. Are there any other examples of this ending on emphatic plural words in Syriac? Thanks

Is the reason why ܥܳܠܰܡ (world) becomes ܥܳܠܡܳܐ when emphatic because short vowels are eliminated in all non-accented syllables? If not, what is the rule here and in so many other words, like ܟܗܢܐ (priest)?

Hi, If I want to say My grace is sufficient for you. which one is better ܣܳܦܩܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܠܳܟ ܛܰܝܒܘܽܬܝ ܣܳܦܩܳܐ ܠܳܟ ܛܰܝܒܘܽܬܝ Toda raba

Hi When ܡܛܠ "because of, for the sake of, concerning" is followed by a pronominal suffix, a ܬ is inserted in between the two, e.g. ܡܛܠܬܟܝ "for your (fs) sake". ܡܛܠ, of course, is pronounced meṭṭul, but is ܡܛܠܬ pronounced meṭṭulāt or meṭṭlāt? Thank you so much

Hi "The house is the king's" would be ܒܝܬܐ ܗܘ ܕܡܠܟܐ. But how would you say "The house is his"? Thank you so much

Hi In the phrase ܒܝܢܝ ܘܠܟܝ "between me and you" what is the function of the preposition ܠ? Why isn't it ܒܝܢܝ ܘܒܝܢܝܟܝ? Thank you so much

Hi guys, In biblical Aramaic the hophal binyan (passive of the haphel) occurs. Thus, we encounter הֻכְתַּב. Does Syriac have a corresponding stem? Thanks again

Hi, Nouns have three states: emphatic, construct, and absolute. What about adjectives? Do they ever have a construct state? It is hard to imagine them being in such a state. Toda raba

Hi, It is very common to have nouns and adjectives that change their vowels in their three states: emphatic, absolute, and construct. Like ܥܣܶܩ ܡܠܶܟ ܪܓܶܠ ܒܣܰܪ ܓܫܽܘܡ ܕܗܰܒ ܙܒܰܢ All of the above nouns look different in their emphatic state. What is the rule for deciding how to form the absolute...

Hi Sometimes a preposition has a pronominal suffix, and immediately after it you have ܕ with a noun after it, and the pronoun matches the noun in gender, person, and number. What is the meaning of this construction? E.g. ܒܗ ܕܟܬܒܐ. The second part means "of a book", of course. Thank you so much

Hi, In I Corinthians 14:36 what does ܡܢܟܘܢ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܦܩܬ ܡܠܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ mean? Actually, what does ܗ̱ܘ mean? I think I can understand ܡܢܟܘܢ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܦܩܬ ܡܠܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ overall because it seems to mean Did God's word come out of you (plural)? Toda raba

Hi Sometimes a preposition has a pronominal suffix, and immediately after it the preposition is repeated with a noun after it, and the pronoun matches the noun in gender, person, and number. What is the purpose of this repetition? E.g. ܒܗ ܒܟܬܒܐ. The second part means "in a book", of course...

Since ܡܠܟܝ is pronounced without the pronoun suffix at the end (even though it is written), why isn't it pronounced mlek like the absolute or construct form ܡܠܟ? Why is it pronounced malk?

Hi, In Syriac when you want to say "her" like "her book" or "her books" you must put a dot above the final letter. Is this actually the mappiq of Hebrew and Aramaic? ܟܬܒܗ݀ her book ܟܬܒܝܗ݀ her books Toda raba

Hi everyone In Hebrew the predicate in a nominal sentence can come before or after the subject IF the predicate is an adjective (otherwise, it will always come after the subject). What about in Syriac? Does ܡܠܟܐ ܛܒ mean the same thing as ܛܒ ܡܠܟܐ, i.e. The king is good. Thanks

Hi everyone Is it more usual to use the copula than to leave it out? I know that ܛܒ ܡܠܟܐ and ܛܒ ܗܘ ܡܠܟܐ mean the same thing, i.e. The king is good. Thanks

Hi, What stem is the passive of the ground (peal) steam? In Aramaic it was the peil stem and in Hebrew it is the niphal. What is it in Syriac? Toda raba

Hi guys, In Syriac how do you use the emphatic state to show that a word is definite? The only way I can think of is the following: if it is the direct object, then you can show that the word is definite by taking a word in the emphatic state and prefixing the preposition ܠ to it. Other than...

Hi guys, In Syriac you can show possession by putting the particle ܕ between two nouns. So, is the construct state ever used? If so, when? There seems to be no need for it to ever be used. Thanks again

How do you say This is the house of God ܗܢܘ ܒܝܬܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ or ܗܢܐ ܒܝܬܐ ܗܘ ܕܐܠܗܐ or some other way?

Hi guys, Is there a rule that whenever you have one of the six bgdkpt letters at the beginning of a word you should omit both ܩܘܫܝܐ and ܪܘܟܟܐ? You never see ܟ݁ܬ݂ܰܒ݂ but rather ܟܬ݂ܰܒ݂. Thanks again

Hi everyone Why is the last consonant of ܡܰܠܟܳܐ and ܕܰܗܒܳܐ spirantized? There is no vowel before them. Thanks

Hi everyone In ܡܶܛܽܠ and ܟܽܠ the vowel is "o", not "u", so why is it written with "u"? Thanks

Hi guys, Is ܝܺܬܶܒ (He sat) pronounced yiteb or iteb? Actually, is it pronounced yithev or ithev? Because t becomes th and b becomes v because they are one of the six special letters. I may be mistaken but I think the reason why this word has a ܚܒ݂ܳܨܳܐ‎ in the beginning (even though the peal...

Hi, In The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus (I Sette Dormienti di Efeso) the Syriac version says ܬܘܒ ܕܝܠܗ ܥܠ ܛ̈ܠܝܐ ܕܐܦܣܘܣ ܒܪ ܐܠܗܐ ܕܦܬܝܚ ܬܪܥܗ ܠܕܩܪܐ ܠܗ. ܦܬܚ ܠܝ ܬܪܥܟ ܐܙܡܪ ܫܘܦܪܐ ܕܒܢܝ ܢܘܣܪܐ ܕܥܢܝ ܛܒܐ ܕܡܢ ܓܘ ܥܢܗ ܐܡܪ̈ܐܓܒܐ ܠܗ ܘܟܢܫ ܐܢܘܢ ܒܕܝܪܐ ܕܪܘܡܐ ܕܥܡܗ ܢܗܘܘܢ ܒܪܝܟ ܐܟܪܐ ܕܡܢ ܙܝܙ̈ܢܐ ܚ̈ܛܐ ܓܒܐ ܠܗ. ܘܙܪܥ ܐܢܘܢܒܐܫܟܪ...