عند is an adverb used for both time and place, that is, it can be ظرف زمان or ظرف مكان depending on context.
As an adverb of time it means “at”, for example: عند الساعة الثامنة means at eight o’clock, عند الفجر means at dawn.
As an adverb of place it means “at” or “with” or “have” depending on context. for example: وقف عند الباب means he stood at the door, خالد عندي means Khalid is with me, عنده سيارة means he has a car.
This applies to Classical Arabic, MSA, and dialects.
The difference is that in Classical Arabic the word عندي meant “with me” whether I owned it or not, but it must be near me at the time referred when speaking. While in dialects عندي is used to mean “I have” whether I have it near me or I own it or have access to it or otherwise have it. For example, in Classical Arabic one wouldn’t say عندي ابن, rather it would be لي ابن as عندي ابن implies that a son (not necessarily my son) is with me now, while لي ابن means that I have a son, he’s mine, but he may or may not be with me now. In dialects عندي ابن and إلي ابن mean the same thing.
MSA is tricky in this regard, as it’s quite common to be affected by how dialects use a word, but it’s also common to stick to the classical use of words, so it highly depends on the speaker or writer. I suppose you can see this
from the native answers above:
عند الدجاجة ريش = a chicken has feathers
الدجاجة لها ريش = a chicken has feathers
Are the terms عندما and عندئذ classical? They have the same temporal عند (construed with ما المصدرية in the first case).
Yes.
