ويقل خيره أن لا يقرأ فيه القرآن

H

Hamster Huey

Senior Member
Urdu - Karachi
حَدَّثَنَا ‏ ‏مُعَاذُ بْنُ هَانِئٍ ‏ ‏حَدَّثَنَا ‏ ‏حَرْبُ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ ‏ ‏حَدَّثَنَا ‏ ‏يَحْيَى هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ‏ ‏حَدَّثَنِي ‏ ‏حَفْصُ بْنُ عِنَانٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ ‏ ‏أَنَّ ‏ ‏أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ‏ ‏كَانَ يَقُولُ ‏ ‏إِنَّ الْبَيْتَ لَيَتَّسِعُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتَحْضُرُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَتَهْجُرُهُ الشَّيَاطِينُ وَيَكْثُرُ خَيْرُهُ أَنْ يُقْرَأَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ وَإِنَّ الْبَيْتَ لَيَضِيقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتَهْجُرُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَتَحْضُرُهُ الشَّيَاطِينُ وَيَقِلُّ خَيْرُهُ أَنْ لَا يُقْرَأَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ ‏

سنن الدارمي | من كتاب فضائل القرآن باب: فضل من قرأ القرآن (حديث رقم: 3352 )

Is the meaning of يقل "it will make less" or "it will become less"? Is أَنْ لَا يُقْرَأَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ the object of this verb or its subject?
 
    • It diminishes good things

    I think that the words أن لا يقرأ فيه القرآن ,are مبتدأ and all the sentences that start with a verb are khabr to this mubtada. And these together are the khabr of inna
     
    The vocalization of يَقِلُّ indicates that it is from الثلاثي المجرد.
     
    𒋛𒄠 𒂵𒉿𒀉 said:
    How do you think that it's not from باب الإفعال?
    Click to expand...
    He already said it here:
    Ali Smith said:
    The vocalization of يَقِلُّ indicates that it is from الثلاثي المجرد.
    Click to expand...
    And the verb is also following the other verbs يَتَّسع يضيق يَكثرُ تحضر
    Hamster Huey said:
    Is أَنْ لَا يُقْرَأَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ the object of this verb or its subject?
    Click to expand...
    Neither, the verb يَقِلُّ is intransitive and its subject is خير
     
    It seems to me that the intended meaning can only be for the أن clause to mean something like 'if' or 'when'. But reconciling this with classical grammar is obviously tricky.
     
    What about
    Reading the Quran... Not reading the Quran...?
    Or did I misunderstand your point?
     
    Semantically, I think what the sentence is trying to say is: if you read the Qur'an in your house, then good things will happen (يتسع على أهله, تحضره الملائكة, تهجره الشياطين); if you don't, bad things will happen (the opposite of all those things). This is clear enough. And you can confirm it by reference to an alternative version of this hadith:

    البيت إذا تلي فيه كتاب الله اتسع بأهله، وكثر خيره، وحضرته الملائكة، وخرجت منه الشياطين، والبيت الذي لم يتل فيه كتاب الله، ضاق بأهله، وقل خيره، وتنكبت عنه الملائكة، وحضره الشياطين.

    The problem is exactly what the grammatical relationship is between the أن clause (أن يُقرأ القرآن) and all the verbs expressing those good things (يتسع, يحضر, يهجر, يقل) is in the version given by the OP. Semantically, it has to have some kind of causal relationship with them. But it can't, grammatically, be the subject of any of them, because of how these verbs work.

    One solution that's been proposed is to read يقل خيره as yuqillu khayr-a-hu, i.e. 'causes its good to be lesser'. This would allow the 2an clause to be the subject. But we know that this isn't the solution because the other verbs also need to be connected to the 2an clause. For this to be the case, تحضر and تهجر would also have to be read as 2af3als, and they would have to be masculine (since their subject would now be the 2an clause). And يتسع would have to be another verb altogether, since there's no alternative vowelling of this form that could provide a causative meaning.

    Some versions online give the أن as إن, 'if', which I think makes the structure make sense.
     
    I don't know if you didn't see what was written in post 2 above, or if I wasn't clear or if you don't agree.

    As I see it

    البيت is ism inna

    Then we have khabr inna consisting of a مبتدأ مؤخرة (أن تقرأ فيه القرآن i.e. قراءتك القرآن فيه) and a khabr to this mubtada (all the verbs and their subjects, i.e. لَيَتَّسِعُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتَحْضُرُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَتَهْجُرُهُ الشَّيَاطِينُ وَيَكْثُرُ خَيْرُهُ).

    إن البيت قراءتك القرآن فيه ليتسع على أهله وتحضره الملائكة وتهجره الشياطين ويكثر خيره
     
    Here is the I'rab for the first half and it's the same for the second part from "وإنَّ":

    إن البيت ليتسع على أهله:
    إن + البيت = إسم إن
    ل + يتسع = اللام المزحلقة + فعل + فاعل مستتر
    على أهله = جار ومجرور متعلقان بالفعل يتسع.

    - الجملة الفعلية في محل رفع خبر "إنَّ".
    وتحضره الملائكة + وتهجره الشياطين + ويكثر خيره = معطوف على خبر إن.

    أن يُقرأ فيه القرآن:
    أن = حرف مصدري ناصب
    يقرأ = فعل مبني للمجهول منصوب ب"أن"
    فيه = جار ومجرور, القرآن = نائب فاعل

    - والجملة (أن يُقرأ) في تأويل مصدر تقديره "قراءة" مجرور بحرف محذوف "بـ" أي بقراءة القرآن.
     
    Last edited:
    Abbe said:
    I don't know if you didn't see what was written in post 2 above, or if I wasn't clear or if you don't agree.

    As I see it

    البيت is ism inna

    Then we have khabr inna consisting of a مبتدأ مؤخرة (أن تقرأ فيه القرآن i.e. قراءتك القرآن فيه) and a khabr to this mubtada (all the verbs and their subjects, i.e. لَيَتَّسِعُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتَحْضُرُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَتَهْجُرُهُ الشَّيَاطِينُ وَيَكْثُرُ خَيْرُهُ).

    إن البيت قراءتك القرآن فيه ليتسع على أهله وتحضره الملائكة وتهجره الشياطين ويكثر خيره
    Click to expand...

    I don't think this is it based on how people normally interpret the hadith. Wouldn't this have to mean 'a house means reading the Qur'an in it'?

    I think the interpretation with a ب in it also makes sense, but is it correct to just drop the ب before أن? Maybe this is an established classical usage and I'm just not aware of it.
     
    I don't think this is it based on how people normally interpret the hadith. Wouldn't this have to mean 'a house means reading the Qur'an in it'?
    Click to expand...

    It's the same construction as زيد أبوه في الدار with the exception that the mubtada in the hadith has been moved to the end of the sentence. This type of construction is not used in English (I think) and the logical way to translate it is to move parts of the sentence. Zayds father is in the house, or as in this case: Reading the Quran in a house...
     
    Ah, I see what you're saying: ان البيت القراءة فيه ليتسع على أهله.

    But now we run into the same problem, don't we? It should surely have to be ليتسع به على أهله or something even then. And the order is very odd.
     
    How is صِلَةُ الرَّحِمِ تَزيدُ في العُمْر similar to the reading القراءة في البيت ليَتَّسعُ على أهله? The latter is incomplete in meaning
    صلة الرحم = مسند إليه
    تزيد = مسند
    while
    القراءة = مسند إليه
    ليتسع = ؟
    There is no خبر or what completes the meaning of القراءة.

    Also, لام الابتداء in ليتسع is supposed to be for البيت which is the مبتدأ but due to إن it was used pushed to the khabar instead and for this it's called اللام المزحلقة. Without إنّ it would've been لَلبيتُ يتسع..., so it should be removed from the verb.
     
    You must log in or register to reply here.
    Back
    Top