5 stem الفعل الخماسي
- Thread starter Jana337
- Start date
Josh_
Senior Member
U.S., English
Hello Jana,
The derived forms are really not all that difficult once you get used to them. Here is a basic overview of them and there meanings:
Form II – can denote causation or intensity
past, present, verbal noun (maSdar)fa33al, yufa33il, taf3iil,
Examples:
kasara (Form I)– to break
kassara – (Form II)to break into many pieces; smash
kaana, yakuunu (Form I)– to be
kawwina, yukawwina (Form II)– to cause to be; to create; to form
Form III – denotes effort or involving another person
faa3il, yufaa3il, mufaa3ala,
Examples:
saabiqa – compete with
7aariba – wage war with
Form IV – denotes causation
af3al, yuf3il, if3aal,
akhraja, yukhriju – to cause to go out; to let out
Form V – reflexive or resultative of Form II
tafa33al, yatafa33al, tafa33ul,
3allama, yu3allimu (Form II) -- to teach
ta3allama, yata3allamu (FormV) – to be taught; to learn
kassara, yakassaru (Form II) – to break into many pieces; smash
takassara, yatakassaru (form V) – to be caused to break; to break
Form VI – reflexive of Form III and involving reciprocity
tafaa3al, yatafaa3al, tafaa3ul,
saabiqa, yusaabiqu (Form III) – compete with (some one)
tasaabiqa, yatasaabiqu (Form VI) – to compete with each other
7aariba, yu7aaribu (Form III) – to wage war with (some one)
ta7aariba, yata7aaribu (FormVI) – to wage war with each other
Form VII – passive or reflexive of Form I
infa3al, yanfa3il, infa3aal,
qaTa3a, yaqTa3u (Form I) – to cut off
inqaTa3a, yanqaTi3u (Form VII) – to be cut off
inbasaTa, yanbasiTu – to enjoy oneself
Form VIII – reflexive of form I but also a wide range of other meanings
ifta3al, yafta3il, ifti3aal,
istalama, yastalimu – to receive
i7tarama, ya7tarimu – to respect
Form IX – denotes color and physical disability
if3all, yaf3all, if3aall,
iswadda, yaswaddu – to become black
i7walla, ya7walla – to become crossieyed.
Form X – can denote asking or doing for oneself or to considering
istaf3al, yastaf3al, istif3aal,
ista3mala, yasta3malu – to use
ista2zana, yasta2zanu, -- to excuse oneself.
Remember that these are just basic guidelines to meaning. There are, of course, many exceptions.
For the five most common Form V verbs, maybe:
ta3allama – to learn
takassara – to break
tazawwaja – get married
takharraja – to graduate
ta2akhkhara – to be late
The derived forms are really not all that difficult once you get used to them. Here is a basic overview of them and there meanings:
Form II – can denote causation or intensity
past, present, verbal noun (maSdar)fa33al, yufa33il, taf3iil,
Examples:
kasara (Form I)– to break
kassara – (Form II)to break into many pieces; smash
kaana, yakuunu (Form I)– to be
kawwina, yukawwina (Form II)– to cause to be; to create; to form
Form III – denotes effort or involving another person
faa3il, yufaa3il, mufaa3ala,
Examples:
saabiqa – compete with
7aariba – wage war with
Form IV – denotes causation
af3al, yuf3il, if3aal,
akhraja, yukhriju – to cause to go out; to let out
Form V – reflexive or resultative of Form II
tafa33al, yatafa33al, tafa33ul,
3allama, yu3allimu (Form II) -- to teach
ta3allama, yata3allamu (FormV) – to be taught; to learn
kassara, yakassaru (Form II) – to break into many pieces; smash
takassara, yatakassaru (form V) – to be caused to break; to break
Form VI – reflexive of Form III and involving reciprocity
tafaa3al, yatafaa3al, tafaa3ul,
saabiqa, yusaabiqu (Form III) – compete with (some one)
tasaabiqa, yatasaabiqu (Form VI) – to compete with each other
7aariba, yu7aaribu (Form III) – to wage war with (some one)
ta7aariba, yata7aaribu (FormVI) – to wage war with each other
Form VII – passive or reflexive of Form I
infa3al, yanfa3il, infa3aal,
qaTa3a, yaqTa3u (Form I) – to cut off
inqaTa3a, yanqaTi3u (Form VII) – to be cut off
inbasaTa, yanbasiTu – to enjoy oneself
Form VIII – reflexive of form I but also a wide range of other meanings
ifta3al, yafta3il, ifti3aal,
istalama, yastalimu – to receive
i7tarama, ya7tarimu – to respect
Form IX – denotes color and physical disability
if3all, yaf3all, if3aall,
iswadda, yaswaddu – to become black
i7walla, ya7walla – to become crossieyed.
Form X – can denote asking or doing for oneself or to considering
istaf3al, yastaf3al, istif3aal,
ista3mala, yasta3malu – to use
ista2zana, yasta2zanu, -- to excuse oneself.
Remember that these are just basic guidelines to meaning. There are, of course, many exceptions.
For the five most common Form V verbs, maybe:
ta3allama – to learn
takassara – to break
tazawwaja – get married
takharraja – to graduate
ta2akhkhara – to be late
cherine
Moderator
Arabic (Egypt).
Very good explanation and examples Josh. You only missed to say which forms are 3 stems, which are 4, which are 5 and which are 6. But the easier way to know is to simply count the letters of the past form of the verb.Josh Adkins said:Form II – can denote causation or intensity
[...] fa33ala, yufa33ilu, taf3iilan,
[...]
kawwana, yukawwinu [...]
Form III – denotes effort or involving another person
faa3al (faa3il is a noun not a verb), yufaa3ilu, mufaa3alatan,
saabaqa – compete with
7aaraba – wage war with
Form IV – denotes causation
af3ala, yuf3ilu, if3aalan,
Form V – reflexive or resultative of Form II
tafa33ala, yatafa33alu, tafa33ulan,
kassara, yukassiru (Form II) – to break into many pieces; smash
takassara, yatakassaru (form V) – to be caused to break; to break
Form VI – reflexive of Form III and involving reciprocity
tafaa3ala, yatafaa3alu, tafaa3ulan,
saabaqa, yusaabiqu (Form III) – compete with (some one)
tasaabaqa, yatasaabaqu (Form VI) – to compete with each other
7aaraba, yu7aaribu (Form III) – to wage war with (some one)
ta7aaraba, yata7aarabu (FormVI) – to wage war with each other
Form VII – passive or reflexive of Form I
infa3ala, yanfa3ilu, infi3aalan,
qaTa3a, yaqTa3u (Form I) – to cut off
inqaTa3a, yanqaTi3u (Form VII) – to be cut off
inbasaTa, yanbasiTu – to enjoy oneself (this is more of colloquial Arabic, but inbasata means more : to extend)
Form VIII – reflexive of form I but also a wide range of other meanings
ifta3ala, yafta3ilu, ifti3aalan,
istalama, yastalimu – to receive
i7tarama, ya7tarimu – to respect
Form IX – denotes color and physical disability (but not just that)
if3alla, yaf3allu, if3aall (i'm not sure about if3aall, where did you get it from ?! do you have examples for it ?) I suggest if3ilaal
imtadda, yamtaddu, imtidaadan - to expand
inhadda, yanhaddu, haddan or inhidadan - to collapse
iswadda, yaswaddu – to become black
i7walla, ya7wallu – to become crossieyed.
Form X – can denote asking or doing for oneself or to considering
istaf3ala, yastaf3ilu, istif3aalan,
ista3mala, yasta3milu – to use
ista2zana, yasta2zinu, -- to excuse oneself, or to ask for permission.
Remember that these are just basic guidelines to meaning. There are, of course, many exceptions. (can't agree more)
Jana337
Senior Member
čeština
Many thanks to both of you for such a comprehensive survey. I am going to print it out and hang on the wall
To which extent are the forms preserved in spoken Arabic? I imagine that at least vowels are sacrificed, which, on the other hand, should not prevent me from being able to distinguish between them since they are formed by manipulating the root.
Jana
To which extent are the forms preserved in spoken Arabic? I imagine that at least vowels are sacrificed, which, on the other hand, should not prevent me from being able to distinguish between them since they are formed by manipulating the root.
Jana
cherine
Moderator
Arabic (Egypt).
I can't tell for sure the extent to which the forms are preserved in the spoken language, but i know for sure we use them all in a way or another, we even use them to "make new words" like in slang. We add the ا - س - ت to new words, slang words, and even arabized word to make them sound local.
the ا - س - ت are called in Arabic 7uruuf az-ziyaada حروف الزيادة they are the letters added to the roots ف - ع - ل to form words. You'll notice that youreself if you go back to the examples given by Josh.
like in slang. We add the ا - س - ت to new words, slang words, and even arabized word to make them sound local.the ا - س - ت are called in Arabic 7uruuf az-ziyaada حروف الزيادة they are the letters added to the roots ف - ع - ل to form words. You'll notice that youreself if you go back to the examples given by Josh.