Comma thread portal with info, key word links and topic sentences

[Comma use]

8.5 COMMA SPLICE OR APPPOSITION?

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Key word link: splice apposition

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There were more messages of well wishers, one from Gregory and even one from Mathew. Link
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He followed the road back and slowed at the first turn, the turn that brought the cabins into view. Link
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In three words Minhinnick metaphorically shows what man has become, a race of people who are now content with the safety and security of the same four walls of the same nameless pub. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

8.6 COMMA BEFORE THEN: COMMA SPLICE?

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Key word links: splice then, adverb then

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You must do this, then do that. Link
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We ate, then we started home. Link
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She raised her sallow face, then dropped her head again. Link
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"The Tell-Tale Heart" is a story about a young man who kills an old man who cares for him, dismembers the corpse, then goes mad when he thinks he hears the old man's heart beating beneath the floor boards under his feet as he sits and discusses the old man's absence with the police. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

9. COMMA WITH CONJUNCTION

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Key word link: comma conjunction

A conjunction is a part of speech that serves to connect words, phrases, clauses or sentences. There are two main groups: coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions.

A coordinating conjunction joins items of equal syntactic importance; a subordinating conjunction connects an independent clause with a dependent clause (i.e. a clause that augments the independent clause with additional information).

Among the main coordinating conjunctions are and, but, or, so and yet. (Note that and, but and or constitute a separate category in this thread.)

Among the words that count as subordinating conjunctions are after, as, because, before, except, if, since, though, unless, until, when, whereas and while. Like is sometimes used as a subordinating conjunction in informal style.

A subordinating conjunction that introduces a phrase (rather than a clause) is seen as a preposition. Some of the subordinating conjunctions also function as adverbs (e.g. though).

For more information about conjunctions, see Wiki articles Conjunction (grammar) and Like.

Below are further key word links and links to specific threads on Comma with conjunction. Clicking a key word link returns a list of those threads along with related and more recent threads.

 

[Comma use]

9.1 COMMA WITH CONJUNCTION: GENERAL DISCUSSIONS

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Comma before conjunction correct or not? Link
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Comma needed before concessive conjunctions? Link
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Comma before subordinating conjunction used in BrE? Link
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Comma after introductory adverb or conjunction: when is it needed? Link
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[Comma use]

9.2 COMMA WITH CONJUNCTION: GENERAL KEY WORD LINKS

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Comma before and after conjunction: comma before after conjunction
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Comma with clause introduced by conjunction: comma conjunction introductory
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Comma vs. no comma before a phrase or clause: how does it affect meaning? comma meaning
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[Comma use]

9.3 COMMA WITH AS

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Key word link: comma as

Before as (meaning 'because' or 'since')

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They were free, as the case had not been proved. Link
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The sauce is easy to make as there is no need to cook out the flour is one of the benefits of using gluten-free flour. Link
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He is depressed, as his wife has just passed away. Link
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Making curry a day before serving is a good idea, as the flavours have time to fully develop. Link
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I have constructed my academic career to gain extensive experience in fluid mechanics and interdisciplinary engineering research and am excited to apply to MIT's MASS program as it will be a great opportunity to expand my experience in these areas. Link
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Before as (meaning 'while' or 'when')

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Peals of delighted laughter burst forth, and tears formed at the corners of his eyes as he watched the children fight. Link
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On the other hand, a plant can have many leaves, and, as it grows, it will thicken its stem. Link
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This term would later appear in thousands of scientific papers, as psychologists came to understand the usefulness of ego depletion... Link
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Before as (other meanings)

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He is playing the guitar, as when he was 20 years old. Link
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He gives orders to me, as an officer would to a soldier. Link
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Sophia became confused, as her brown eyes showed. Link
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I was particularly interested in that subfield as its three pillars are my greatest strengths, as demonstrated by my success in rigorous science and math courses. Link
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He was bound with strong emotional ties to our family, as I was not. Link
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After phrase or clause introduced by as

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As his fingers run over the pages, he seems to be lost in thought. Link
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As one of the main artists of the group, Hua Jiming had graduated. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

9.4 COMMA WITH BECAUSE

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Key word link: comma because

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Comma or not before 'because': is there a rule? Link
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John is rich, because he works for a bank. Link
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He didn't marry her, because she was frivolous. Link
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After this discovery everything looked different, because one could ask, why should a photon not sometimes be a photon plus an electron-positron pair and so on? Link
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[Comma use]

9.5. COMMA WITH BEFORE

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Key word link: comma conjunction before

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The king sent a messenger in advance, before departing for London. Link
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Before 8000 BC wheat was not the luxuriant plant it is today; it was merely a wild grass that spread throughout the Middle East. Link
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Before the unit was formed police carried out 70 brothel visits, or raids, between January to August 2010 in the five boroughs closest to where the games will take place, according to data from the Met. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

9.6 COMMA WITH EXCEPT

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Key word link: comma except

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Except, that question; Where do the best thing go? Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

9.7 COMMA WITH IF

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Key word link: comma if

Before if

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I’ll come with you to the hospital, if you want me to. Link
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They went to the park, and, if they needed anything, they'd call John. Link
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Please confirm, if John would be able to monitoring calls for Qu today. Link
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You can substitute the seafood with thin slices of chicken breast if preferred. Link
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...the same CEO, making a decision for you, might be considered decisive, whereas, if they make the decision against you, they might be considered ruthless. Link
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After clause introduced by if

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If anybody calls me on phone, it means I am no less popular. Link
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Potential candidates must confirm they are willing to take the job as head of the globe's emergency lender, and if there are more than three nominees the IMF's board will cut the list to three candidates by the middle of June. Link
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If customers terminate the contact there are no guarantees, but we aim to offer a fair return on their investments. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

9.8 COMMA WITH LIKE

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Key word link: comma like

As preposition

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I detest liars, like you. Link
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She was pretty, like a rock star. Link
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It was a stethoscope, like a doctor uses. Link
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Iovsoft Blu-ray Copy will help you copy Blu-ray to another Blu-ray disc without changing any parameters like video size, video and audio quality, audio channels, etc. Link
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Moreover, Germany has been a driver for Europe and the companies, like Daimler, have been the leading innovators of the most of the globalized industrial products... Link
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As conjunction

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He gives orders to me, like an officer to a soldier. Link
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She stared at him blankly a few seconds, like he had triggered an intricate thought within her. Link
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[Comma use]

9.9 COMMA WITH NOR

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Key word link: comma nor

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The victim was neither left alone after the accident, nor after the ambulance took her to hospital. Link
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[Comma use]

9.10 COMMA WITH SINCE

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Key word link: comma since

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I am worried about air pollution since, with railroad fares having been raised, more people would prefer to travel by car. Link
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The internal evidence about Sextus’ profession is confirmed by the external evidence, since, as we will see in the next section, we also know from Diogenes Laertius and a pseudo-Galenic work that Sextus was a physician. Link
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[Comma use]

9.11 COMMA WITH SO

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Key word link: comma so

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The boys are happy, so are the girls. Link
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I had a lot of time, so that I visited the museum. Link
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I thought he was cheating on me with my sister so I told his friends. Link
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The bus arrival time was 2 o'clock. So I waited for the bus at the bus stop until then, when the bus arrived. Link
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I run the business from home and send and receive books by post, so I don't need my own premises. Link
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[Comma use]

9.12 COMMA WITH UNLESS

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Key word link: comma unless

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The agreement “shall continue in force for a period of five years from the date it is made, and thereafter for successive five year terms, unless and until terminated by one year prior notice in writing by either party.”Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

9.13 COMMA WITH UNTIL

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Key word link: comma until

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Until 2015, the price of crude oil will need to increase to meet the drilling costs. Link
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Until he noticed the handprint on the wall, the detective was frustrated by the lack of clues. Link
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Taking this into account, until 2015, the price of oil will need to increase to meet the drilling costs. Link
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[Comma use]

9.14 COMMA WITH WHEN

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Key word link: comma when

Before when

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I like Monday, when we have to work hard. Link
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When, at the end of book I of his Discourses, Smith examines the problem of ... Link
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Doing what you said you were going to do, when you said you were going to do it. Link
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Let me know a suitable time, when we can hold a meeting next week to make sure we understand the subject well. Link
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After when

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When, at the end of book I of his Discourses, Smith examines the problem of ... Link
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After clause introduced by when

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When the robbers came I fought with one of them. Link
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When the wave gets closer to the coast, the ocean floor makes it grow enormously. Link
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When Mr and Mrs Dursley woke up on the dull, grey Tuesday our story starts, there was nothing... Link
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When they thought they were alone (though they were being taped by a secret camera), their faces twisted into vivid mixes of uncomfortable feelings. Link
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After participle phrase introduced by when

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When listening to the first guy’s answer, I had to think of my young neighbour who spends most of his life working overtime in a dirty, unhealthy factory environment to show off his possessions in the few weekends he is not on duty. Link
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[Comma use]

9.15 COMMA WITH WHERE

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Key word link: comma where

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That is the only basement, where I put my books. Link
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Haruto was taken to hospital where he subsequently died. Link
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In many states in the U.S. where you can’t live without a car you can get a driver’s license at sixteen. Link
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I could be myself at last and forget my terrible life at home, where I was afraid of my father's violence. Link
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Finally, the flavor X varieties are preferred by younger consumers, except in Portugal, where this is true only for Y. Link
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[Comma use]

9.16 COMMA WITH WHEREAS

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Key word link: comma whereas

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The conventional camera requires chemical processing whereas the digital camera does not. Link
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In the past, they were a reference for extremely good quality, whereas now they are not better than other manufacturers. Link
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...the same CEO, making a decision for you, might be considered decisive, whereas, if they make the decision against you, they might be considered ruthless. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

9.17 COMMA WITH WHILE

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Key word link: comma while

Before while

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I am strong, while my brother is weak. Link
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The journalist reported that, while the criminal robbed the bank, he made everyone kneel down. Link
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Times Square in New York City is the modern center of the world’s largest city, while Rome’s Forum Square held this title in earlier times. Link
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The most abundant trophic groups of soil fauna in the field 1 were omnivores, predators, and bacterivores, while in the field 2 - plant parasites and fungivores. Link
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After phrase introduced by while

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While on the Moon, Alan played golf? Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

9.18 COMMA WITH YET

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Key word link: comma yet

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Yet it does not follow that civil society can cure the autocratic ills of their societies. Link
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[Comma use]

10. COMMA WITH DATE OR NUMBER

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A date is a particular day, month or year of an event.

A number is a mathematical object used for counting, labeling and measuring. Here, the term is understood as synonymous with numeral, which is a sequence of digits.

More information about dates and numbers in Wiki articles Calendar date, Number and Numerical digit.

Below are key word links and links to specific threads on Comma with date or number. Clicking a key word link returns a list of those threads along with related and more recent threads.

 

[Comma use]

10.1 COMMA WITH DATE

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Key word link: comma date

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He went there in August, 2005. Link
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...as you stated in your letter dated 10, September 2010. Link
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It was on Tuesday, December 11, 2012, that we held our first meeting. Link
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Turkish relations with the KRG since March 2003 have reached a new phase. Link
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The event has been postponed and will now take place on Monday, 25 January. Link
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[Comma use]

10.2 COMMA WITH NUMBER

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Key word link: comma number

As separator

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Comma always used with numbers greater than 999? Link
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Comma or period as decimal separator: 18,192 or 18.192 million tons? Link
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Before decimal

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In all variants, 0.1% water suspensions of these strains were used. Link
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In enumeration

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Currently, the most spread pathogenic organisms in strawberry plantations and strawberry crop rotations under conditions of our region are 1)..,2)..,3)... Link
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With page reference

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... check in Appendix B, page 30, for more examples. Link
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[Comma use]

11. COMMA WITH DIRECT ADDRESS, SALUTATION OR SPEECH TAG

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Direct address may be defined as the use of a name for the person spoken to, e.g. Peter in Come on, Peter!

A salutation is, here, a phrase that serves as a greeting, e.g. Hello everyone! It is also a form of words used as an opening to a speech or a letter, e.g. Dear Sirs.

A speech tag is the part of a sentence that says who is speaking, e.g. she said in "Oh, I didn't know that," she said.

For more information about these, see About.com on direct address and salutations and Writer's Beat on speech tags.

Below are key word links and links to specific threads on Comma with direct address, salutation or speech tag. Clicking a key word link returns a list of those threads along with related and more recent threads.

 

[Comma use]

11.1 COMMA WITH DIRECT ADDRESS

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Key word link: direct address

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Congratulations, Mary! Link
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What are you saying Mark? Link
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Let's have a talk, you idiot! Link
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Do you really think so, Mary? Link
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Well James, what's it going to be? Link
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The wagon rumbles its way down an old street until Sarah calls out, "Stop, Freddy!" Link
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[Comma use]

11.2 COMMA WITH SALUTATION

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Key word links: salutation

Comma vs. no comma

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Hi, Paul, I just want to... Link
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Hey, Frank, How have you been? Link
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Hi, there, / Hello, Mr. Anderson, / Greetings, Americans, / Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, Link
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Comma vs. colon

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Dear Sirs: / Dear Sirs, Link
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Comma vs. semicolon

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Dear, / Dear; Link
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Comma vs. exclamation mark

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Dear Jill! Hi Jill! Hello Jill! Hi there! Link
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[Comma use]

11.3 COMMA WITH SPEECH TAG

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Key word link: speech tag

General discussion

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Comma after speech tag - is it mandatory? Link
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Comma or not?

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"Oh," she said, with an eyebrow raised. Link
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The only way that they’ll be able to keep in touch, they decide, is through their own writing-letters. Link
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Comma or colon?

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With a horribly dry mouth he said: 'hello!' Link
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He said: "A man who has once been the candidate of his party -- and defeated -- owes it to his party not to be a candidate again." Link
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In reported speech

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Abortion-rights advocates say the need exists for late-term abortions, in cases of extraordinary genetic defects and other dire health circumstances, and some had worried that only a few physicians would be willing to provide such care after Dr. Tiller’s killing, an act prosecutors say was carried out by an abortion foe. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

12. COMMA WITH ELLIPSIS

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Key word link: comma ellipsis

Ellipsis - also called elliptical construction - is the omission of one or several words from what would otherwise be a syntactically complete construction, without change of meaning.

There are different types of ellipsis. One in which a comma may be considered is with gapping, a type that involves coordinate clauses. Cf. John was the manager, and Mary was the clerk. John was the manager, and Mary, the clerk.

A comma used to indicate ellipsis is called a gapping comma. (See section Comma use.)

More information about ellipsis in Wiki article Ellipsis (linguistics).

Below are links to specific threads on Comma with ellipsis.

 

[Comma use]

12.1 COMMA WITH ELLIPSIS: LINKS AND TOPIC SENTENCES

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John was the manager, and Mary, the clerk. Link
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They are very stupid; your friends, intelligent. Link
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[Comma use]

13. COMMA WITH INTERJECTION

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Key word link: comma interjection

An interjection, in grammar also called an exclamation, is a word or phrase that by itself expresses a speaker's sentiment. For example, hi, goodbye and thank you may be considered interjections.

Interjections can stand alone as sentences, if by sentence we mean an expression followed by a period, question mark or exclamation mark.

Yes, no and why can also function as interjections but are more often used as adverbs.

Whether weird can be understood as an interjection is debatable.

For more information about interjections, see Wiki article Interjection.

Below are further key word links and links to specific threads on Comma with interjection. Clicking a key word link returns a list of those threads along with related and more recent threads.

 

[Comma use]

13.1 COMMA WITH INTERJECTION: LINKS AND TOPIC SENTENCES

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See also section Comma with salutation.

Goodbye
comma goodbye

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Farewell, and if it be your will, goodbye. Link
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No
comma no

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No, it's not. Link
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Thank you
comma thank you

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Thank You Country Radio For Making Us #1 Link
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Thank you, X. Thank you for logging in, X. Link
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Thanks
comma thanks

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Thanks, Dad. Thanks, Mate. Link
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Weird
comma weird

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Weird, he is a genius. Link
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Why
comma why

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"Why you, of course," I told him. Link
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“Why thank you,” a voice says from behind him. Link
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Yes
comma yes

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Yes, it is. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

14. COMMA VS. OTHER PUNCTUATION MARK

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A punctuation mark is a symbol used to indicate the structure of written language.

Among the most commonly used punctuation marks are the period/full stop, the comma, the colon, the semicolon, the question mark, the exclamation mark, the dash, the slash and the parenthesis.

More information about punctuation marks in Wiki article Punctuation mark.

Below are key word links and links to specific threads on Comma vs. other punctuation mark. Clicking a key word link returns a list of those threads along with related and more recent threads.

See also section 6.2 Comma, colon, semicolon or dash with apposition? and section 11.2 Comma with salutation.

 

[Comma use]

14.1 COMMA VS. FULL STOP/PERIOD

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Key word links: comma full stop, comma period

In list

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Objectives of the Project 1. To improve students' English. 2. To build students' confidence. Link
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In brief since achieving an AVCE in Business Studies I have worked in various roles. In customer service at supervisory level. As a community support worker for a large agency. Link
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In quotation
See also section 18. Comma with quotation mark

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The Japanese sign for "Thank you." is different from the American sign. Link
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After speech tag
See also section 11.3 Comma with speech tag

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“Don’t worry, Keiko,” Jennifer said, “I felt the same thing when I was in Japan.” Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

14.2 COMMA VS. COLON

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Key word link: comma colon

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One thing he was sure of, letting her stay at his house was definitely a bad idea. Link
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We laugh at the penguin for its funny walk, flippers at its sides like a gawky adolescent, the very model of dignified absurdity from the nonchalance of its upturned beak to its splayed, flat feet, Charlie Chaplin in a tuxedo. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

14.3 COMMA VS. SEMICOLON

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Key word link: comma semicolon

For joining clauses

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I am still young, I want to live on, I want to conquer life. Link
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It’s not that I hate instability, I simply like a little stability. Link
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The room is very cold, we are about to freeze out of cold. Link
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Please ignore the previous mail, my apologies for the inconvenience. Link
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My father and my mother are very liberal; they also give me some suggestions. Link
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Remember rooms must be locked when not occupied; this includes during breaks. Link
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Don't just invite every Tom, Dick, and Harry to the party, some could be hoodlums. Link
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At least two different situations have arisen; the first requires the implementation of the two fold method, the four fold method, and the eight fold method; the second only requires implementation of the two fold method [comma, semicolon, other] and this means the necessary precautions must be taken to cover both circumstances. Link
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In list

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Jane, 4; Sheldon, 7; and Dawn, 8, will be attending the kids' party on May 8. Link
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The walls were lined with chemicals; tools; powders; and possibly, human appendages. Link
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...the following people... : my parents, John and Carol; and my friends Heather and Martin. Link
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We still do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives, we all want a code to live by. Link
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There are several affective factors that relate to learning and second language acquisition including: self-esteem; self-efficacy; willingness (to communicate); inhibition; risk taking; anxiety; empathy; and extroversion. Link
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When Andy moved to his new home, he had a lot to do, buy new furniture for the bedrooms; sort out the electricity cables; get some new flooring as the old one was too old; paint the walls especially the one in his new bedroom, which was being used by his sister; call the internet company to set up his WiFi connection, he certainly needed some help as you can imagine. Link
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With the objectives being to achieve even higher mechanical strength properties, with a particular focus on reducing the mass of prefabricated components while retaining the same strength, and thereby conserving resources; to achieve higher finish quality; even better processability; and wider application as substitute materials (in place of PVC, for example): the processes, nuclear technology and catalysts have been modified in a way that facilitates the production of a polymer powder with a broad bi- or multimodal molecular weight distribution. Link
.​

With aside

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The breeze wasn’t very refreshing; they were in the Forbidden Place after all; but it was definitely what she needed. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

14.4 COMMA VS. EXCLAMATION MARK

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Key word link: comma exclamation mark

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"What I want is the truth," John said exasperatedly. Link
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Spears allegedly yelled, “I am going to kill you!” and cursed at Andrew Deetz, a photographer who says he was beaten by Spears’ bodyguard. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

14.5 COMMA VS. DASH

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Key word link: comma dash

.
He tried to create a little wealth—and a little security—in that situation. Link
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It is important to note here that the proper noun “English” has received a plural “-s”—becoming “Englishes”. Link
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Delaying things takes time and energy—because when you know that something needs to be done and you’re not doing it—it stays in the back of your mind and silently drains you. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

14.6 COMMA VS. SLASH

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Key word link: comma slash

In survey

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Whom did you spend time with? - Current coworker/boss/teacher Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

14.7 COMMA AFTER OTHER PUNCTUATION MARK

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After other comma

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This move leads to disaster, but a move like 6...Nf6 would also have created unsolvable problems after 7.Ng5!,, when Black's f7-pawn falls. Link
.​

After question mark

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When man asks questions such as who am I? where have I come from? what is the meaning of life?, man is trying to see himself as human. Link
.​

After dash

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If you like world music – fado, flamenco, salsa, etc. –, you will really enjoy this festival. Link
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Very careful writers will make a difference between these two phrases―"in behalf of" and "on behalf of"―, but most people mix them up quite a bit. Link
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After parenthesis

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It should be ice cubes (the ones we put in soft drinks), not a big block of ice. Link
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He makes a promise to Mark (his colleague), that he will be there on time for the meeting. Link
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If your posts are difficult to read (because they lack punctuation), then most people will just pass over them. Link
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According to the map, the treasure lay hidden under Coral Cove (so named for its extensive variety of corals), a spot not far from town. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

15. COMMA WITH PARTICIPLE

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Key word link: comma participle

A participle is a non-finite verb form, meaning a verb form that cannot serve as the base for an independent clause. In English there are two types of participles: the present participle (e.g. calling) and the past participle (e.g. called).

Participles are used to form the progressive and perfect aspects, e.g. (progressive) She is calling the shots and (perfect) I have called the authorities. They are also used as modifiers of nouns, clauses or sentences, often heading a modifying phrase, which is then called a participle phrase or participle clause.

For more information about participles, see Wiki articles Participle and Non-finite verb.

Below are further key word links and links to specific threads on Comma with participle.. Clicking a key word link returns a list of those threads along with related and more recent threads.

 

[Comma use]

15.1 COMMA WITH PARTICIPLE: GENERAL DISCUSSIONS

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Comma with participle phrase: when is it needed? Link
.
Comma before a present participle: what is the implication? Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

15.2 COMMA WITH PHRASE HEADED BY PRESENT PARTICIPLE

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Key word link: comma present participle

Before present participle

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I listened to music, studying. Link
.
It is good sitting here in the sun. Link
.
She sings standing by the window. Link
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She gets excited, biting her thumb. Link
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I need to visit my mother, living in London. Link
.
Bill hurt his knees playing soccer in the park. Link
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This is the sister of my friend, living next door to me. Link
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I am a chemistry student at Open University, graduating in 2013. Link
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I have written several texts in this area ranging from XXX to XXX. Link
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We report on the synthesis of a Triflour having a triazole as a linkage of... Link
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The suffix -some seems to come from an old British dialect, meaning "group." Link
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Look at the picture below, and describe it as detailed as possible, referring to the hints. Link
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He emerged from it with credit, having shown kind consideration to my impassioned plea to apologise. Link
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This study investigates the structure of the implied volatility smile, using prices of equity options traded at LIFFE. Link
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We watched the dolphins for about 15 minutes; in the end they disappeared leaving a sparkling trail like a shooting star. Link
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He could imagine lying beside her in bed at the end of the day, holding her while they talked and laughed, lost in each other`s arms. Link
.
This follows the resignation of Zaid Ibrahim, who withdrew from the race for the deputy presidency, alleging that party elections were rigged. Link
.
The mall will consist of powerhouse corporations, such as an H&M clothing store and a Marshall’s that will rise land prices, giving developers an edge. Link
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Enjoy eating and drinking from more than a hundred exceptional restaurants, featuring special dining, quaint casual cafes, and everything in-between! Link
.
In 2004, the project was brought to a halt when James Hetfield checked into a California rehab facility, where he would spend the next six months, overcoming a drug addiction. Link
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But, these experts say, the government’s accomplishments, and its credibility, are being undermined by overly rosy projections that did not take account of the vagaries of vaccine production, making it look as if the vaccine effort is failing. Link
.​

Before and after phrase headed by present participle

.
My father, swimming in the pool, is a famous chef. Link
.​

After introductory phrase headed by present participle

.
Stretching out over 2,313,414 kilometers squared (about one-fourth the size of the United States of America), Congo is home to various amounts of serious issues (Countries). Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

15.3 COMMA WITH PHRASE HEADED BY PAST PARTICIPLE

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Key word link: comma past participle

Before past participle

.
All I can see are a broad chest and a thick pair of arms, wrapped in a tight sweater. Link
.
McDonald’s wasn’t about fast food, the commercials suggested, but real food, born of the earth. Link
.
The restaurant has amazing food, made from the finest organic ingredients and locally grown produce. Link
.​

Before and after phrase headed by past participle

.
The professor, opposed to carrying out the project, made a comment on the report. Link
.
The power of attorney, issued by the manufacturer, confirming that the manufacturer... Link
.
That being the case, we could connect you to a company, called Elyakim with whom we've worked before. Link
.
The 6 star hotel , made of no more than approximately 50 suite rooms, caters to its customers with an exclusive private service. Link
.​

After fronted past participle

.
Awoken, the dragon emerged from his cave. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

16. COMMA WITH PHRASE

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The word phrase can be understood in more than one way. The definition used here is that of a group of words strung together as a unit functioning as a preposition, conjunction, adjective or adverb.

Some phrases function as prepositions because they are followed by nouns or noun phrases; those are called complex prepositions (e.g. instead of). Others function as conjunctions as they tie together clauses or parallel elements; they may be referred to as compound conjunctions (e.g. as well as).

Phrases with an adjectival function, such as in question, are called adjectival phrases, and phrases with an adverbial function, such as as soon as possible, are called adverbial phrases.

For more information about phrases, see Wiki articles Phrase, Adjective phrase and Adverbial phrase.

Below are key word links and links to specific threads on Comma with phrase. Clicking a key word link returns a list of those threads along with related and more recent threads.

 

[Comma use]

16.1 COMMA WITH ADJECTIVAL PHRASE

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Key word link: comma adjectival phrase

In question

.
What operating system is this terminal, in question, running? Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

16.2 COMMA WITH ADVERBIAL PHRASE

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Key word link: comma adverbial

A little
comma a little

.
I will be there a little late. / I will be there, a little, late. Link
.​

All things considered
comma all things considered

.
All things considered, Paul is a fairly good husband. Link
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As usual
comma as usual

.
I messed up things, as usual when I am in a hurry. Link
.​

As well
comma as well

.
While many students applying to your program are accomplished scholars of Spanish literature, few, if any, will have been successful English majors as well. Link
.​

At least
comma at least

.
For these people, at least, the lake is more than just an object of worship? Link
.
This would, at least in part, explain why, although S. usually expresses himself in a clearly skeptical way, he occasionally does it in a less careful manner which may certainly mislead us. Link
.​

By no means
comma by no means

.
These technological marvels are by no means infallible. Link
.​

If any
comma if any

.
While many students applying to your program are accomplished scholars of Spanish literature, few, if any, will have been successful English majors as well. Link
.​

If anything
comma if anything

.
The government has never released its grip on the information industry, and if anything has steadily tightened supervision of the Chinese Web in the past couple of years. Link
.​

In fact
comma in fact

.
In fact, manufacturing is also caught up in a global whirlwind. Link
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For short
comma for short

.
I'm called Katherine, or Kate, for short. Link
.​

On one hand...on the other
comma on one hand

.
Comma after 'on the one hand' - is it recommendable?Link
.
The responsibility of individual actors on one hand, and their interests on the other, are the causes of conflicts and various compromises. Link
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So much
comma so much

.
Inflation has been running well below the Fed’s unofficial target of nearly 2 percent, so much so that a few officials fear that the United States is at risk of the kind of deflationary spiral that has hobbled the Japanese economy for the better part of two decades. Link
.​

Very much
comma very much

.
The expression on Dan's face showed that he did mind, very much. Link
.​

What's more
comma what's more

.
What’s more, you will save a great deal of time and effort using an appropriate CRM. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

16.3 COMMA WITH COMPOUND CONJUNCTION

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As soon as
comma as soon as

.
Hope we can have some more traveling into the unknown, as soon as the rain stops. Link
.
It is the policy of the United States to deploy, as soon as is technologically possible, an effective National Missile Defense system capable of defending the territory of the United States against limited ballistic missile attack (whether accidental, unauthorized, or deliberate) with funding subject to the annual authorization of appropriations and the annual appropriation of funds for National Missile Defense. Link
.​

As well as
comma as well as

.
I collected the books as well as the note-books. Link
.
My hobbles include eating and drinking Japanese food, watching and playing football ,as well as learning and creating new things. Link
.
The Vice President has an office in the West Wing of the White House, as well as in the nearby Eisenhower Executive Office Building. Link
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Conversely, older ESOL learners must learn all the language skills simultaneously, as well as learn an adult vocabulary of multi-syllabic words. Link
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Humanities are educational courses that aim to teach individuals about the human condition in a variety of forms, as well as look at them with a critical and analytical eye. Link
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Even though
comma even though

.
He was unable to get a job in his field of study, even though he applied everywhere. Link
.​

In that
comma in that

.
Kangaroos are similar to hopping mice in that, they hop. Link
.
Borrowing money might damage the trust between friends, in that unpaid loans can break trust especially when a large amount of money is involved. Link
.​

Just as
comma just as

.
Brand XXX = The Queen of England because she has been sitting on her throne for ages, just as XXX on their pedestal. Link
.​

Neither...nor
comma neither nor

.
He neither went to the pub, nor to the casino. Link
.​

Not only...but also
comma not only

.
She is not only clever, but also hard-working. Link
.
My love of chemistry comes from not only passion, but the structure of the subject which I find fascinating. Link
.
Consequently, confrontations have not only pitted the veteran elite against the new parties and groups, but also set the new groups against themselves. Link
.​

So that
comma so that

.
I did this so that I could save $80. Link
.
I worked hard, so that everything would be ready by 6:00. Link
.
John specializes in certain areas , so that you always have the book the serious collector is looking for. Link
.
I didn't go out, so that I could take care of my bedridden grandmother. Link
.​

So...that

.
T280 I can say candidly that I have never been so desperately in love with someone as I have with you, to the point that my strong feelings of longing verged upon a form of grief! Comma Question
.​

Whether...or
comma whether

.
Whether he can play with the team tomorrow or not, depends on his condition. Link
.
Trait anxiety, however, is continuous anxiety which lingers whether or not a situation is particularly stressful. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

16.4 COMMA WITH COMPLEX PREPOSITION

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According to
comma according to

.
A new theory came up, according to which, men are viewed asLink
.
Our results confirm previous findings, according to which, daughters are more likely to abandon their relationships to fathers than sons. Link
.​

Depending on
comma depending on

.
Certifications are usually required, depending on the systems used by a particular manufacturer. Link
.​

From...to (not really a complex preposition)
comma from to

.
The following chapter outlines the complete process: from conception to birth to early-childhood to adulthood and finally to old age. Link
.
From swimming with dolphins, climbing the Alps, or skydiving out of a plane with all your friends and family around you, to relaxing under a palm tree or simply enjoying a meal. Link
.​

In order to
comma in order to

.
I arrived early, in order to get a good seat. Link
.​

Instead of
comma instead of

.
Instead of A, he uses B Link
.
Instead of answering, her mom glanced up into the rear view mirror. Link
.​

Owing to
comma owing to

.
Owing to this, we desperately need the Buy Nothing Day in order to choose simplicity. Link
.​

So as to
comma so as to

.
I left a message, so as to be sure of contacting her. Link
.​

Such as
comma such as

.
When I visit Korea, I want to go to many cities, such as Seoul and Taegu. Link
.
AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - to others, such as swimming and squash. Link
.
Examples of collective ownership include modern forms of corporate ownership as well as producer cooperatives, which are in contrast to forms of common ownership, such as a public park available to everyone. Link
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Apart from help you copy Blu-ray to DVD discs, Iovsoft Blu-ray to DVD Copy supports all popular Burners such as A, B, C, D, etc. Link
.​

 

[Comma use]

17. COMMA WITH PREPOSITION

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Key word links: comma preposition

A preposition is a part of speech that serves to connect a noun phrase to another phrase or a clause.

A prepositional phrase – that is, a preposition and its object, e.g. at night – modifies the meaning of the structure it attaches to either adjectively or adverbially.

There are simple and complex prepositions. A simple preposition consists of a single word; a complex preposition consists of a group of words.

Among the simple prepositions are by, despite, during, for, from, in, into, of, on, per, to, with and without. For is also a conjunction; to is also a particle used as an infinitive marker. Including is sometimes considered a preposition. (For links discussing complex prepositions, see section 16.4 Comma with complex preposition.)

More information about prepositions in Wiki articles Preposition, English Grammar and List of English prepositions.

Below are further key word links and links to specific threads on Comma with preposition. Clicking a key word link returns a list of those threads along with related and more recent threads.