Gujarati (as far as I know) has two perfective forms: "-યું" (e.g. લખ્યું) and "-એલું" (e.g. લખેલું ). What are the specific differences between these two forms?
Below is my current understanding (from observing people speak). If anyone has any other ideas, or knows of any grammars that discuss this please feel free to correct me.
Below is my current understanding (from observing people speak). If anyone has any other ideas, or knows of any grammars that discuss this please feel free to correct me.
- For the simple past tense, you'll use the "-યું" form
- મેં ચોપડી લખી - I wrote a book
- For the perfect aspect, you'll use the "એલું" form to talk about the distant past, OR the "-યું" form (+ હોવું ) for any construction.
- મેં ચોપડી લખી છે - I've written a book
- મેં ચોપડી લખી હશે - I must have written a book
- મેં ચોપડી લખેલી - I had written the book (a long time ago) (same as below)
- મેં ચોપડી લખી હતી - I had written the book (a long time ago) (same as above)
- As an adjective you'll use the "-એલું" form
- ગુજરાતીમાં લખેલી ચોપડી - A book written in Gujarati
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