This sounds like "have you ever dyed your hair?"
It doesn't!
The question "Have you dyed your hair?" doesn't suggest 'ever'. If you mean 'ever', you'd have to say it. For example, if your friend has always had the same colour hair for as long as you've known her and you're curious about whether she ever experimented with different colours at some point in her life before you met, you would then say "Have you ever dyed your hair?".
But let's say that you meet a friend in the street today and notice that her hair is a different shade from the last time you met, you then might say "Have you dyed your hair?". The perfective aspect is used not to refer to an unspecified time in her life ( i.e. 'ever') . It refers to an event in the period of time leading up to the present, with
a clear impact on the present moment: in other words, that she had blonde hair last week and she now has ginger hair.
Can you use a present perfect progressive in the same context? It's possible, but less likely. If we're focusing on the difference between her hair colour last week and her hair colour now - i.e. the result of something that she's done - it would be normal to use the present perfect simple.
For me, the present perfect continuous would only be used in this context to signal the speaker's disapproval about the activity itself (yes, the same as in your example of the man caught short in the car park!) . A mother might say "Have you been dyeing your hair?" in a suspicious tone to her teenage daughter to focus on her behaviour, rather than on the result. Remember that that's what the continuous aspect is all about - a focus on the activity.