Some of them in Spanish:
- Propósito (from Latin propositum).
- Latin universitas gave universidad but we have the adjetive universitario.
- Positivo (from Latin positivus).
- Visitar (from Latin visitare). The noun is visita.
- Requisito (from Latin requisitus).
- Compositor (from Latin compositor).
- Tránsito (from Latin transitus).
Yes. La Jacetania (
La Jacetania - Wikipedia) from the Iacetani would be an example. Lusitano (it's said to come from Latin Lusitanus), both for the Lusitani people and for nowadays' Portuguese people, is a word in use in nowadays Spanish (although portugués (female: portuguesa) and luso (female: lusa) are more used). I'm not sure I understood properly the question asked in this thread but Lusitania is Lusitania in Spanish; just in case that it could be any useful.
The idea of these threads by killerbee256 is to hypothesize the
natural development of certain words in the popular languages of the Early Middle Ages and later. In the case of Romance, there is a stratum of words
inherited from Latin and having experienced all the changes that naturally occurred in the spoken language (e. g. the French
augustum>u /août/) and very many words
reintroduced at various periods from Latin and thus having experienced only some adaptation to the host language and the changes that occurred after this adaptation (e. g. the French
Augustus>Ogüst /Auguste/). For Spanish, compare the recently discussed inherited popular numerals
siedmo, ochavo and
diezmo vs. the reintroduced Latin
séptimo, octavo and
décimo: killerbee256 is interested in the former. The words you are citing are these later loans, like the Latin loans
compósito, propósito with
-sit- vs. the inherited Spanish
compuesto, propuesto with
-st-. Likewise,
Lusitano is not a result of a natural development, but a Latin borrowing slightly adapted to the Spanish pronunciation and grammar. Compare in this context the latinate
Hispania and the naturally evolved
España, or the Latinate
Italia and the expected natural
*Taglia (cp. the unrestored naturally evolved
Āpūlia>Puglia).
For Catalan you forgot that:
- there is palatalization of initial l-, so the first syllable should be Llos-
- o, instead of u, if you're basing yourself in luscus, as the Catalan word coming from it is llosc
- there is no -osd- combination in Catalan; a likelier solution would be thinking of -osit- as -ost-, as in Amposta, town in southern Catalonia
So a most plausible option for Catalan would be
Llostanya.
The Latin word is
Lūsitānia, so we'd expect
ū>u.