How can one render in your languages the transitive verb "to move" as used in the following sentences?
1) Did you move my cup of coffee?
2) I’d like to move my appointment to Wednesday at 2 p.m.
3) I lifted weights yesterday and can barely move my arms.
4) I’ll move my car so you can back out.
1) Frankly, in Russian the verb here might greatly depend on the pragmatics (which you didn't specify), much like word order would anyway. The verb might be
трогать (trógat' "touch"),
подвинуть (podvínut' "to make a small move with sth", "to shift sth"),
сдвинуть (sdvínut', here "to move/shift from its original place"),
передвинуть (peredvínut' "to move from one place to another") and, finally, just
двигать (dvígat' "to move sth"), the use of which here would mean approximately ~"did you ever happen to move my cup of coffee?"
2) Я бы хотел
перенести встречу/приём/... на среду на два часа. (Yá by khotél perenestí vstréchu/priyóm/... na srédu na dvá chasá.) - literally "I would want to carry the appointment to Wednesday to 2 o'clock", as in "to carry from one place to another".
(The word for "appointment" depends on the nature of the appointment (typical business contexts are one thing, a visit to the doctor is another). You normally don't need to specify that it's not 2
a.m., but to be entirely precise and formally correct you may use "на 14:00" (na chetýrnadtsat' nól' nól') or "на два часа дня" (na dvá chasá dnyá, i.e. "to two o'clock of daytime").)
3) Я вчера качался и едва могу
двигать руками (Yá vcherá kachálsya i yedvá mogú dvígat' rukámi) - Lit. "I yesterday swinged and barely can move with.hands/arms".
Or to reinforce: "...и едва могу
двинуть рукой" (...i yedvá mogú dvínut' rukóy) - "...and barely can make-a-single-move with.hand/arm".
(Качаться basically means "to make power exercises to improve one's strength and muscle mass", which would be the most idiomatic colloquial variant as long as you don't really need to specify that you *only* lifted weights, or to be more formal.)
4) Actually the most idiomatic variant here would be "я отъеду, чтобы ты мог выехать" (yá otyédu, chtóby tý móg výyekhat'), i.e. ~"I will drive away so-that you could drive out", with the verbs отъехать (otyékhat') and выехать (výyekhat') both implying moving in a land vehicle (not necessarily driving it, in fact) or riding an animal - "away" and "out" respectively.
But if we're adamant about using verbs more directly related to moving something, there's an option "я
передвину машину, чтобы ты мог выехать" (yá peredvínu mashínu, chtóby tý móg výyekhat') - lit. I'll re-move (from.a place to a place) the car so.that you could drive out. There's also an option
переставлю (perestávlyu, ~~"I will re-stand sth from one place to another"), but it implies that your car will then remain there, which is rarely the case under such circumstances.
Don't forget that Russian verbs are extensively conjugated: the inflections and often the stem itself will change depending on the form you need to use (mood, tense, number, person/gender...).
