وضاحت / व्याख्या ---
urduu aur hindii meN das musavvitoN/ swaroN kaa talaffuz/uchchaaran kiyaa jaataa hai jo phoneme haiN. in ko maiN is tarah dikhaa’uuNgii---
[TD="align: center"][i:]
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"][u:]
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"][e:]
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"][ɛ:]
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"][o:]
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"][ɔ:]
[/TD]
[TR]
[TD="align: center"]अ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]आ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]इ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ई[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]उ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ऊ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ए[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ऐ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ओ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]औ[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="align: center"]ـَـ
(زبر)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ا
(الف)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ـِـ
(زیر)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]یٖ
(یائے معروف)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ـُـ
(پیش)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]وٗ
(واو معروف)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ـِـ ے
(یائے مجہول)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ـَـ ے
(یائے لین)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ـُـ و
(واو مجہول)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]َـ و
(واو لین)
[/TD]
[/TR]
* jahaaN kisii علامت/ चिह्न ke aage “ : ” lagaayaa gayaa hai, is kaa matlab ye hai ki vo alaamat/ chihn kisii طویل مصوتہ/ दीर्घ स्वर kii alaamat/ kaa chihn hai.
urduu aur hindii meN kuchh aise musavvitoN/ swaroN kaa bhii talaffuz/uchchaaran kiyaa jaataa hai jo allophones haiN. in allophones ke baare meN sirf itnaa bataa’uuN ki in ke liye na urduu lipi meN koii alaamat/chihn maujuud hai na hindii lipi meN. jahaaN tak maiN ne chhaan-biin kii hai, lagtaa hai chaar allophones milte haiN. ab do allophones ke baare meN baat kar ke talaffuz/ uchchaaran ke baare meN kuchh puuchhne vaalii huuN.
in do allophones ko IPA se is tarah dikhaate haiN---- [ɛ], [e]
pahle ye bataa’uuN ki [ɛ] aur [e] kin kin musavvitoN/ swaroN ki alaamat/ kaa chihn haiN---
[ɛ]---
[ɛ] vo aavaaz hai jo “کہنا”/ “कहना” meN “ک”/ “क” ke saath talaffuz/ uchchaaran kiyaa jaataa hai: [kɛhna:].
urduu meN is tarah hai ki---
hindii meN aisaa hai ki---
वर्तनी के अनुसार “कहना” में “क्” व्यंजन के साथ “अ” स्वर लिखा जाता है, पर उच्चारण करते समय “क्” के साथ “अ” नहीं बोला जाता।
ye aavaaz jo “کہنا”/ “कहना” meN “ک”/ “क” ke saath talaffuz/ uchchaaran kiyaa jaataa hai (matlab [ɛ]), “یائے لین”/ “ऐ” ([ɛ:]) se is tarah alag hai ki [ɛ:] طویل / दीर्घ hai, lekin [ɛ] طویل / दीर्घ nahiiN hai.
kuchh aur misaaleN/ udaahran jin meN ye aavaaz ([ɛ]) bolii jaatii hai:
[e]---
[e] vo aavaaz hai jo urduu meN “کہ” bolte vaqt “ک” ke saath talaffuz/ uchchaaran kiyaa jaataa hai: [ke]
[e] aur [e:] (یائے مجہول / ए) meN farq ye hai ki [e:] طویل / दीर्घ hai, lekin [e] طویل / दीर्घ nahiiN.
lagtaa hai ki hindii meN [e] kaa talaffuz/ uchchaaran nahiiN kiyaa jaataa. agar merii ye baat Ghalat hai to bataa diijiye.
-------------------------------------------
سوال / प्रश्न ----
in lafzoN ke talaffuz/ uchchaaran ke baare meN aap dostoN kii raay jaannaa chaahtii huuN:
“مِحنت”/ “मेहनत” , “چِہرے”/ “चेहरे” , “مِہمان”/ “मेहमान” , “سِہرا”/ “सेहरा”, “بِہتر”/ “बेहतर”
(“چ”/ “च” ko [č] se dikhaa’uuNgii)
urduu bolne vaale dosto,
uupar meN likhe hu’e lafzoN ke pahle harf ke niiche urduu imlaa ke mutaabiq zer likhaa jaataa hai, lekin in ke talaffuz meN pahle harf ke saath zer () nahiiN bolaa jaataa. agar aap se puuchhaa jaa’e ki in lafzoN kaa talaffuz urduu meN (1) ke mutaabiq kiyaa jaataa hai yaa (2) ke mutaabiq yaa donoN talaffuz milte haiN, to aap kyaa kaheNge?
(1) [mɛhnət], [čɛhre:], [mɛhma:n], [sɛhra:], [bɛhtər]
(jaise kahaa gayaa, [ɛ] vo aavaaz hai jo “کہنا” meN “ک” ke saath talaffuz kiyaa jaataa hai: [kɛhna:] . [ɛ], “یائے لین” ([ɛ:]) se is tarah alag hai ki [ɛ:] طویل hai, lekin [ɛ] طویل nahiiN hai.)
(2) [mehnət], [čehre:], [mehma:n], [sehra:], [behtər]
(jaise kahaa gayaa, [e] vo aavaaz hai jo urduu meN “کہ” bolte vaqt “ک” ke saath talaffuz kiyaa jaataa hai: [ke]. [e] aur [e:] (یائے مجہول) meN farq ye hai ki [e:] طویل hai, lekin [e] طویل nahiiN.)
hindii-bhaashii dosto,
uupar meN likhe hu’e shabdoN ke pahle varn ke saath hindii vartanii ke anusaar ए likhaa jaataa hai, par in ke uchchaaran meN pahle varn ke saath ए [e:] nahiiN bolaa jaataa. mujhe lagtaa hai in shabdoN kaa uchchaaran hindii meN nimnalikhit uchchaaranoN ke anusaar kiyaa jataa hai; kyaa aap is baat se sahmat haiN?
(1) [mɛhnət], [čɛhre:], [mɛhma:n], [sɛhra:], [bɛhtər]
(jaise kahaa gayaa, [ɛ] vo aavaaz hai jo “कहना” meN “क” ke saath uchchaaran kiyaa jaataa hai: [kɛhna:]. [ɛ], “ऐ” ([ɛ:]) se is tarah alag hai ki [ɛ:] दीर्घ hai, lekin [ɛ] दीर्घ nahiiN hai.)
urduu aur hindii meN das musavvitoN/ swaroN kaa talaffuz/uchchaaran kiyaa jaataa hai jo phoneme haiN. in ko maiN is tarah dikhaa’uuNgii---
[ə] | [a:] |
[TD="align: center"][i:]
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"][u:]
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"][e:]
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"][ɛ:]
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"][o:]
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"][ɔ:]
[/TD]
[TR]
[TD="align: center"]अ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]आ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]इ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ई[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]उ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ऊ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ए[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ऐ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ओ[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]औ[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="align: center"]ـَـ
(زبر)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ا
(الف)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ـِـ
(زیر)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]یٖ
(یائے معروف)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ـُـ
(پیش)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]وٗ
(واو معروف)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ـِـ ے
(یائے مجہول)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ـَـ ے
(یائے لین)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]ـُـ و
(واو مجہول)
[/TD]
[TD="align: center"]َـ و
(واو لین)
[/TD]
[/TR]
* jahaaN kisii علامت/ चिह्न ke aage “ : ” lagaayaa gayaa hai, is kaa matlab ye hai ki vo alaamat/ chihn kisii طویل مصوتہ/ दीर्घ स्वर kii alaamat/ kaa chihn hai.
urduu aur hindii meN kuchh aise musavvitoN/ swaroN kaa bhii talaffuz/uchchaaran kiyaa jaataa hai jo allophones haiN. in allophones ke baare meN sirf itnaa bataa’uuN ki in ke liye na urduu lipi meN koii alaamat/chihn maujuud hai na hindii lipi meN. jahaaN tak maiN ne chhaan-biin kii hai, lagtaa hai chaar allophones milte haiN. ab do allophones ke baare meN baat kar ke talaffuz/ uchchaaran ke baare meN kuchh puuchhne vaalii huuN.
in do allophones ko IPA se is tarah dikhaate haiN---- [ɛ], [e]
pahle ye bataa’uuN ki [ɛ] aur [e] kin kin musavvitoN/ swaroN ki alaamat/ kaa chihn haiN---
[ɛ]---
[ɛ] vo aavaaz hai jo “کہنا”/ “कहना” meN “ک”/ “क” ke saath talaffuz/ uchchaaran kiyaa jaataa hai: [kɛhna:].
urduu meN is tarah hai ki---
املا کے مطابق "کہنا" میں "ک" پر زبر ہے، لیکن یہاں زبر نہیں بولا جاتا۔
hindii meN aisaa hai ki---
वर्तनी के अनुसार “कहना” में “क्” व्यंजन के साथ “अ” स्वर लिखा जाता है, पर उच्चारण करते समय “क्” के साथ “अ” नहीं बोला जाता।
ye aavaaz jo “کہنا”/ “कहना” meN “ک”/ “क” ke saath talaffuz/ uchchaaran kiyaa jaataa hai (matlab [ɛ]), “یائے لین”/ “ऐ” ([ɛ:]) se is tarah alag hai ki [ɛ:] طویل / दीर्घ hai, lekin [ɛ] طویل / दीर्घ nahiiN hai.
kuchh aur misaaleN/ udaahran jin meN ye aavaaz ([ɛ]) bolii jaatii hai:
“سہنا”/ “सहना” | “رہنا”/ “रहना” | “محبوب”/ “महबूब” | “محسوس”/ “महसूस” | “محفل”/ “महफ़िल” |
[sɛhna:] | [rɛhna:] | [mɛhbu:b] | [mɛhsu:s] | [mɛhfil] |
[e]---
[e] vo aavaaz hai jo urduu meN “کہ” bolte vaqt “ک” ke saath talaffuz/ uchchaaran kiyaa jaataa hai: [ke]
[e] aur [e:] (یائے مجہول / ए) meN farq ye hai ki [e:] طویل / दीर्घ hai, lekin [e] طویل / दीर्घ nahiiN.
lagtaa hai ki hindii meN [e] kaa talaffuz/ uchchaaran nahiiN kiyaa jaataa. agar merii ye baat Ghalat hai to bataa diijiye.
-------------------------------------------
سوال / प्रश्न ----
in lafzoN ke talaffuz/ uchchaaran ke baare meN aap dostoN kii raay jaannaa chaahtii huuN:
“مِحنت”/ “मेहनत” , “چِہرے”/ “चेहरे” , “مِہمان”/ “मेहमान” , “سِہرا”/ “सेहरा”, “بِہتر”/ “बेहतर”
(“چ”/ “च” ko [č] se dikhaa’uuNgii)
urduu bolne vaale dosto,
uupar meN likhe hu’e lafzoN ke pahle harf ke niiche urduu imlaa ke mutaabiq zer likhaa jaataa hai, lekin in ke talaffuz meN pahle harf ke saath zer () nahiiN bolaa jaataa. agar aap se puuchhaa jaa’e ki in lafzoN kaa talaffuz urduu meN (1) ke mutaabiq kiyaa jaataa hai yaa (2) ke mutaabiq yaa donoN talaffuz milte haiN, to aap kyaa kaheNge?
(1) [mɛhnət], [čɛhre:], [mɛhma:n], [sɛhra:], [bɛhtər]
(jaise kahaa gayaa, [ɛ] vo aavaaz hai jo “کہنا” meN “ک” ke saath talaffuz kiyaa jaataa hai: [kɛhna:] . [ɛ], “یائے لین” ([ɛ:]) se is tarah alag hai ki [ɛ:] طویل hai, lekin [ɛ] طویل nahiiN hai.)
(2) [mehnət], [čehre:], [mehma:n], [sehra:], [behtər]
(jaise kahaa gayaa, [e] vo aavaaz hai jo urduu meN “کہ” bolte vaqt “ک” ke saath talaffuz kiyaa jaataa hai: [ke]. [e] aur [e:] (یائے مجہول) meN farq ye hai ki [e:] طویل hai, lekin [e] طویل nahiiN.)
hindii-bhaashii dosto,
uupar meN likhe hu’e shabdoN ke pahle varn ke saath hindii vartanii ke anusaar ए likhaa jaataa hai, par in ke uchchaaran meN pahle varn ke saath ए [e:] nahiiN bolaa jaataa. mujhe lagtaa hai in shabdoN kaa uchchaaran hindii meN nimnalikhit uchchaaranoN ke anusaar kiyaa jataa hai; kyaa aap is baat se sahmat haiN?
(1) [mɛhnət], [čɛhre:], [mɛhma:n], [sɛhra:], [bɛhtər]
(jaise kahaa gayaa, [ɛ] vo aavaaz hai jo “कहना” meN “क” ke saath uchchaaran kiyaa jaataa hai: [kɛhna:]. [ɛ], “ऐ” ([ɛ:]) se is tarah alag hai ki [ɛ:] दीर्घ hai, lekin [ɛ] दीर्घ nahiiN hai.)
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