Can someone list with examples some common ways to form verbal nouns, that is, the noun of the action of a verb. We do this in English with -ing (walking, writing) and -ation (syncopation) and -y (buggery).
Recently we discussed dihii (nishaandihii) and there is aao (bachhaao, etc). Also -ii. Also -iat (banaaiat). Can you give some other examples of these and other endings used for the formation of the noun of an action?
Let me make a start teaboy jii and hopefully others will fill the gaps.
Firstly purely Urdu verbs.
1) With some, just take the -naa off. e.g maarnaa >>> maar,
2) Elongate the medial vowel of the root, e.g. chalnaa >>> chal >>> chaal; milnaa >>> mil >>> mel, baRhnaa >>> baaRh (flood)
3) Add -aan to the root, e.g. uThaa >>> uTh >>> uThaaN
4) Add-aa'ii to root, e.g. laRnaa >>> laRaa'ii; paRhnaa >>> paRhaa'ii
5) Add -aa'o the root, e.g. chaRhnaa >>> chaRhaa'o
6) Add-t, e.g chhuunaa >>> chhuut
7) chhuuTnaa >>> chuTTii
8) chhuuTnaa >>> chhuTkaaraa
9) Add -aa/vaa to root, jhagaRnaa >> jhagRaa, bulaanaa >>> bulaavaa
10) Add -aak, tairnaa >>> tairaak (swimmer)
11) ghabraanaa >>> ghabraahaT
12) khuRaknaa >>> khuRkii (rebuke)
13) bharnaa >>> bhartii (cf. gintii)
14) puujnaa >>> pujaarii
15) oRhnaa >>> oRhnii (c.f dhoNknii, katarnii,
16) dhonaa >>> dhobii
17) barasnaa >>> barsaat
18) piinaa >>>pyaas
19) baknaa >>> bakvaas
.....
Some verbs form nouns in more than one way.
karnaa >>> kartab, kartuut, karnii
gaanaa >>> gaayak, gavaiyaa
bachnaa >>> bachat, bachaa'o
lagnaa >>> lagaa'ii (bujhaa'ii), lagaa'o< laag, lagan, lagii (dil-lagii), laaguu, lagaavaT, lagaan (tax)
milnaa >>> mel, melaa, milan, milaap
chalnaa >>chaal, chalan, chaaluu, chaalaan (?)
basnaa >>> bastii, baseraa
denaa >> den, devaa (c.f lenaa > len, levaa)
bigaaRnaa >>> bigaaRuu
retnaa (to file) >>> retu'aa (filer)
biknaa >>> bikaa'uu, bikrii,
belnaa >>> belan, belnii
marnaa >>> maran (c.f jiivan, thakan, ghuTan), maryal
kahnaa >>> kahaanii, kahaavat
honaa >>> hot (power), honii (inevitable), honhaar (?)
