This would be off-topic in this thread as the language title is "Urdu". The author of your book is saying the letter ژ is very rare in Persian, which you can see is not the case. S/he is also saying that there are only two words with the letter ژ in Hindusatani (Urdu) which also is not true.
It is probably relevant what Agnieszka Kuczkiewicz-Fraś, the author of this text whose screenshot appears in the OP, means by her use of the word "Hindustani." Here are some excerpts from pp. 29--32:
In the sense which has been assumed for the purpose of this analysis, the term Hindustani refers to the linguistic continuum current in the common speech - a lingua franca, unofficially, but fully functioning as a link language in the Indian subcontinent. It denotes the common form of a medium of communication - the vernacular widespread in the vast regions of contemporary Northern India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, intelligible for the most part to users of both Hindi and Urdu...
The linguistic material (Perso-Arabic loanwords in Hindustani) which forms the basis for the research in this study generally comes from middlebrow registers (both casual and formalized). However, some parts of it can also appear in the inventories of the lowest and the highest strata... Hindi and Urdu will be treated as two forms of Hindustani, differing most noticeably in their highly literary and intellectual varieties but lacking any visible distinctions in their everyday forms of use.
She also gives concrete examples of what she means by "middlebrow registers (both casual and formalized)" in the image below.
It is worth noting that poetry, for her, is not "middlebrow" but "formalized highbrow." In light of this context,
@Alexu's questions seem quite on-topic to me.
And how many of these words are used in modern language?
OR
How many words is understandable to an ordinary person with a secondary education without looking into dictionaries and reference books?
Here are some counts. Feel free to double-check my counts and lists and correct me if I'm wrong.
I focus on the Persian-origin ژ loanwords mentioned in this thread because Perso-Arabic loans are the topic of the book by Kuczkiewicz-Fraś. I make some groups out of مژگان/مژگاں/مژہ and ژیان/ژیاں and ژند/ژندہ and واژ/واژونی/واژونہ/واژگون/واژگوں and کژ/کژدم and ژاژ/ژاژ خا, and I then count 26 words/groups:
(1) لاژورد , (2) پرژہ , (3) ژالہ , (4) اژدہا , (5) مژدہ , (6) مژگان/مژگاں/مژہ , (7) کژ/کژدم , (8) اژدر , (9) ژولیدہ , (10) ژیان/ژیاں , (11) ژند/ژندہ , (12) پژمردہ , (13) نژاد , (14) ژاژ/ژاژ خا , (15) دژم , (16) ژندہ , (17) واژ/واژونی/واژونہ/واژگون/واژگوں , (18) نژند , (19) ژد , (20) ژنگ , (21) ژوپین , (22) ژون , (23) ژیوہ , (24) آژنگ , (25) ویژہ , (26) ژوب
Hopefully I haven't missed any of the suggestions above! Please feel free to recompute if I did.
- To the extent that I am an ordinary person with secondary education (which I do feel myself to be -- though it is worth qualifying that the medium of my secondary education was not in either "form" of Hindustani-as-defined-by-Kuczkiewicz-Fraś, so feel free to ignore this)... I've known the word اژدہا for a reasonably long time (as in, I don't know where or how I first encountered it). I remember having to look up مژگاں، مژدہ، ژالہ after encountering them in literary writing (and two of these I remember encountering in poetry specifically, which Kuczkiewicz-Fraś categorizes as "formalized highbrow"). I may have recognized پرژہ، لاژورد، کژ in context from knowing پرزہ، لاجورد، کج ادائی. I'm quite uncertain that I would actually have recognized کژ, but even if I decide to be maximally generous to myself, I get to 7/26 = 27%. (Yikes! Failing grade...!!)
- Alfaaz jii marks 8/26 = 31% of these words/groups as being "readily recognizable" to some speakers in post #17.
- If I search Google for pages on rekhta.org (and if I ignore dictionary-only pages, Persian-language content, and other things that don't fit in the list of 26 Persian-origin words/groups listed above, eg, ژنگ meaning "Jung" or ژون meaning "zone"), I see hits for 16/26 = 61% of them. Many of these occurrences are in "formalized highbrow" poetry.
- 17/26 = 65% of these words/groups have entries in Platts.
- 22/26 = 85% of these words/groups have entries in Urdu Lughat.
On a related note,
apparently "native speakers know 15,000 to 20,000 word families - or lemmas - in their first language." If I assume that the 15,000 number is accurate for an ordinary native speaker of Hindustani-as-defined-byKuczkiewicz-Fraś, and I also assume that an ordinary native speaker knows all 26 of the words listed above... 26/15,000 = 0.173%. The percentage will only get smaller if either the denominator should be higher or the numerator should be lower -- or if we were to weight words by frequency of occurrence.
