Verb Conjugation (present)

[roh3x2n]

After posting All languages: Subject Pronouns.
Here is the next one "Verb Conjugation" , which means form of the verbs.

e.g
English is somehow easier.

Singular
He ( male ) eats
she ( female) eats
It ( neutral ) eats
I eat
You ( informal,formal ) eat
plural
They eat
we eat
you eat

Farsi
In my opinion Farsi is very " M and M " sounded language in case of Verbs Conjugation.

khorde'n = eat ( english)

Singular
Ho ( male, female , Neutral) me khor ra
man me khor um
Tu (informal ) me khor hi
Shoma (formal ) me khor hen
plural
Hanah me khor a'n
Shomah me khor e'n
Mah me khor em



German
essen = to eat
oops it is regular so i choose a regular one
gehen = to go (english)

Singular
Er (male) geht
Sie(female) geht
Es ( Neutral) geht
ich gehe
Sie ( formal )
Du ( informal ) gehst
plural
Sie gehen
Ihr geht
Wir gehen

For me it is really interesting to know about other languages.

note: it is only present tense.

i hope i didn't make any mistake.

 

[Lemminkäinen]

Norwegian:

å spise - 'to eat'

The present form is spiser. Needless to say, you need an appropriate personal pronoun in front of it, depending on context

 

[roh3x2n]

So there is no change at the end or at beginning of the verb , eventhough subject is plural ?

 

[Lemminkäinen]

So there is no change at the end or at beginning of the verb , eventhough subject is plural ?

No. Norwegian verbs are only conjugated in tense, not person.

 

[Honour]

Well, in turkish it is a little bit complex since we use the present progressive tense more often than the simple present tense.

Anyway i conjugate the verb to eat (yemek) for both
Subject Present Prog. Simple Present
1S Ben yiyorum yerim
2S Sen yiyorsun yersin
3S O yiyor yer
1P Biz yiyoruz yeriz
2P Siz yiyorsunuz yersiniz
3P Onlar yiyorlar yerler

1S: 1st Person Singular
...

 

[lazarus1907]

Spanish verbs have three endings: -ar -er -ir.

Regular verbs ending in -ar have these suffixes:
-o
-as
-a
-amos
-áis
-an
(e.g. amar: amo, amas, ama, amamos, amáis, aman)

Regular verbs ending in -er have these suffixes:
-o
-es
-e
-emos
-éis
-en
(e.g. beber: bebo, bebes, bebe, bemos, bebéis, beben)

Regular verbs ending in -er have these suffixes:
-o
-es
-e
-imos
-ís
-en
(e.g. vivir: vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, vivís, viven)

 

[jazyk]

I'll plagiarize Spanish:

Portuguese verbs have three endings: -ar -er -ir.

Regular verbs ending in -ar have these suffixes:
-o
-as
-a
-amos
-ais
-am
(e.g. amar: amo, amas, ama, amamos, amais, amam)

Regular verbs ending in -er have these suffixes:
-o
-es
-e
-emos
-eis
-em
(e.g. beber: bebo, bebes, bebe, bemos, bebeis, bebem)

Regular verbs ending in -ir have these suffixes:
-o
-es
-e
-imos
-is
-em
(e.g. partir: parto, partes, parte, partimos, partis, partem)

 

[Lemminkäinen]

I guess I can write up some more about Norwegian verbs:

The majority of the infinitives end in -e, and form the present tense by adding an -r to the infinitive.

As in my first post: spise --> spiser

There are some irregularities of course - some infinitives don't end in -e (si - 'say' --> sier), and some present tenses don't form by adding an -r to the infinitive (spørre - 'ask' --> spør). Other than those though, it's pretty regular.

 

[ameana7]

In French

Je mange
Tu manges
Il mange
Nous mangeons
Vous mangez
Ils mangent

 

[Hakro]

Finnish:

infinitive to eat = syödä
1S: (minä) syön
2S: (sinä) syöt
3S: (hän) syö
1P: (me) syömme
2P: (te) syötte
3P: (he) syövät
Using the pronoun is not necessary, usually it's omitted.

 

[Teseo]

En griego, in greek:

εγώ τρώω -egó tróo
εσύ τρως - esí tros
αυτός/αυτή/αυτό τρώει -aftós/aftí/aftó trói (he/she/it)
εμείς τρώμε - emís tróme
εσείς τρώτε - esís tróte
αυτοί/αυτές/αυτά τρώνε - aftí/aftés/aftá tróne

 

[jester.]

In French

Je mange
Tu manges
Il mange
Nous mangeons
Vous mangez
Ils mangent

I'll add some more. The ones in the quote are -er verbs.

-dre verbs

apprendre

j'apprends
tu apprends
il apprend
nous apprenons
vous apprenez
ils apprennent

-ir verbs (1)

sortir

je sors
tu sors
il sort
nous sortons
vous sortez
ils sortent

-ir verbs (2)

réfléchir

je réfléchis
tu réfléchis
il réfléchit
nous réfléchissons
vous réfléchissez
ils réfléchissent

-re verbs

These verbs are too irregular to be listed up here. The most important -re verbs I can think of right now are: écrire, dire, lire, être, vivre

-uire verbs

conduire

je conduis
tu conduis
il conduit
nous conduisons
vous conduisez
ils conduisent

-aindre verbs

atteindre

j'atteins
tu atteins
il atteint
nous atteignons
vous atteignez
ils atteignent

 

[BlueWolf]

Italian regular verbs have three endings: -ar, -er, -ir.

Regular verbs ending in -ar have these suffixes:
-o .........................................(I)
-i ..........................................(you sing./thou)
-a .........................................(he/she/it/you sing. formal)
-iamo .....................................(we)
-ate ......................................(you plur)
-ano ......................................(they)
(e.g. amare: amo, ami, ama, amiamo, amate, amano)

Regular verbs ending in -er have these suffixes:
-o
-i
-e
-iamo
-ete
-ono
(e.g. vendere: vendo, vendi, vende, vendiamo, vendete, vendono)

Regular verbs ending in -er have these suffixes:
-o
-i
-e
-iamo
-ite
-ono
(e.g. dormire: dormo, dormi, dorme, domiamo, dormite, dormono)

 

[jester.]

Blue Wolf, aren't there also verbs ending in -urre which are more or less regular? I'm thinking of tradurre as an example.

 

[BlueWolf]

Blue Wolf, aren't there also verbs ending in -urre which are more or less regular? I'm thinking of tradurre as an example.

Verbs that end in -urre (or even in -orre) do exist but they aren't considered regular verbs.
However in order to have the declination of the verbs in -urre you simply change the verb back to the original Latin form. So tradurre is declinated as if it were traducere.

 

[optimistique]

In Dutch you have only one type of verb-ending, namely -en:

werken (to work):

1sg ik werk
2sg jij werkt (normal you singular)
u werkt (polite you)
3sg hij/zij/het werkt

1pl wij werken
2pl jullie werken (normal you plural)
u werkt (polite you)
3pl zij werken

When there is inversion (pronoun comes after verb, like in a question) the form of you singular = Werk jij? -> so without 't'.

There are a few verbs where the stem vowel changes, for example:

kunnen (can, to be able to)

ik kan
jij kunt
hij kan
wij kunnen

 

[ronanpoirier]

Well... Hungarian has two forms for every conjugation. A definite and an indefinite form. Besides, Hungarian has the vowel harmony, so I'll write down each suffix.
The infinitive ends in -ni and it's replaced by the suffix.

Indefinite:
Én... -ok, -ek, -ök (-om, -em, -öm)¹
Te... -sz, -ál², -él²
Õ ... X³, -ik¹
Mi... -unk, -ünk
Ti... -tok. -tek, -tök
Õk... -nak, -nek

¹: some verbs have just in the 3rd person the suffix -ik. In those cases, the verb in the 1st person singular receives -om, -em, -öm.
²: verbs that end by two consonants or s, z or sz receive that suffix.
³: usually, verbs don't have a 3rd person singular suffix.

Definite:
Én... -om, -em, -öm
Te... -od, -em, -öd
Õ ... -ja, -i
Mi... -juk, -jük
Ti... -játok. -itek
Õk... -ják, -ik

 

[Smurfan]

SWEDISH:

Singular
He ( male ) eats = Han äter
she ( female) eats = Hon äter
It ( neutral ) eats = Den äter
I eat = Jag äter
You ( informal,formal ) eat = Ni äter
plural
They eat = De/dem/(dom) äter
we eat = Vi äter
you eat = Ni äter

 

[ceann-feachd]

In Gaelic, verbs are only conjugated in tense. They only show person in the conditional first person (singular and plural).

Also, the only verb that has a simple present tense is "bi" (to be). Also note, the verb comes before the subject.
It is used like so. Note, there are Positive, Negative, Interrogative, and Negative interrogative forms of the verb.

Present tense positive:
Tha mi || I am
Tha thu || You are
The e/i || He/she is
Tha sinn || We are
Tha sibh || You (polite and plural) are
Tha iad || They are

Present tense negative:
Chan eil mi || I am not
Chan eil thu || You are not
Chan eil e/i || He/she is not
Chan eil sinn || We are not
Chan eil sibh || You (polite and plural) are not
Chan eil iad || They are not

Present interrogative:
A bheil mi? || Am I?
A bheil thu? || Are you?
A bheil e/i? || Is he/she?
A bheil sinn? || Are we?
A bheil sibh? || Are you (polite and plural)?
A bheil iad? || Are they?

Present negative interrogative:
Nach eil mi? || Aren't I?
Nach eil thu? || Aren't you?
Nach eil e/i? || Isn't he/she?
Nach eil sinn? || Aren't we?
Nach eil sibh? || Aren't you?
Nach eil iad? || Aren't they?

Past tense positive is bha
Past tense negative is cha robh
Past tense interrogative is an robh
Past tense negative interrogative is nach robh
Future tense positive is bidh
Future tense negative is cha bhi
Future tense interrogative is am bi
Future tense negative interrogative is nach bi
Relative future tense (after relative pronoun) is bhios
Conditional tense positive is bhiodh
Conditional tense negative is cha bhiodh
Conditional tense interrogative is am biodh
Conditional tense negative interrogative is nach biodh

Once again, same for all persons. Except for the conditional. Where b(h)iodh changes to b(h)ithinn and b(h)iomaid for the first person singular and plural tenses, respectively.

Oh, also there is a verbal noun form for all verbs (like the gerund in English): bith
All other tenses are formed with this form. Except for some forms of the passive voice.

 

[ceann-feachd]

If I can remember. The present tense of Icelandic verbs is something like this.

að tala (to speak)
ég tala || I speak
þú talar || you speak
hann/hún/það talar || he/she/it speaks
við tölum || we speak
þið talið || you (plural) speak
þeir/þær/þau tala || they (masculine, feminine, neuter) speak

There is also a second group that is like so:
að heita (to be called)
ég heiti
þú heitir
hann/hún/það heitir
við heitum
þið heitið
þeir/þær/þau heita

 

[apmoy70]

Greek:

Verbs belonging in the 1st conjugation (verbs ending in «-ω» [-o̞]):
Singular present indicative
«-ω» [-o̞]
«-εις» [-is̠]
«-ει» [-i]
«-ουμε» [-ume̞]
«-ετε» [-e̞t̠e̞]
«-ουν» [-un]
Eg: «Τρέχω» [ˈt̠ɾe̞.xo̞]* --> to run >
1st p. sing. «τρέχω» [ˈt̠ɾe̞.xo̞] --> I run
2nd p. sing. «τρέχεις» [ˈt̠ɾe̞.çis̠] --> You run
3rd p. sing. «τρέχει» [ˈt̠ɾe̞.çi] --> S/he/it runs
1st p. pl. «τρέχουμε» [ˈt̠ɾe̞.xume̞] --> We run
2nd p. pl. «τρέχετε» [ˈt̠ɾe̞.çe̞t̠e̞] --> You all run
3rd p. pl. «τρέχουν» [ˈt̠ɾe̞.xun] --> They run.

Verbs belonging in the 2nd conjugation (verbs ending in «-άω» [-ˈa.o̞] (uncontracted)/«-ώ» [-ˈo̞] (contracted)):
Singular present indicative:
«-άω/-ώ» [-ˈa.o̞]/[-ˈo̞]
«-άς» [-as̠]
«-άει/-ά» [-ˈa.i]/[-ˈa]
«-άμε» [-ˈa.me̞]
«-άτε» [-ˈa.t̠e̞]
«-άνε/-ούν» [-ˈa.ne̞]/[-ˈun]
Eg: «Κολυμπάω/κολυμπώ» [ko̞liᶬˈba.o̞] (uncontracted)/[ko̞liᶬˈbo̞] (contracted)** --> to swim >
1st p. sing. «κολυμπάω/κολυμπώ» [ko̞liᶬˈba.o̞] (uncontracted)/[ko̞liᶬˈbo̞] (contracted) --> I swim
2nd p. sing. «κολυμπάς» [ko̞liᶬˈbas̠] --> You swim
3rd p. sing. «κολυμπάει/κολυμπά» [ko̞liᶬˈba.i]/[ko̞liᶬˈba] --> S/he/it swims
1st p. pl. «κολυμπάμε» [ko̞liᶬˈba.me̞] --> We swim
2nd p. pl. «κολυμπάτε» [ko̞liᶬˈba.t̠e̞] --> You all swim
3rd p. pl. «κολυμπάνε/κολυμπούν» [ko̞liᶬˈba.ne̞]/[ko̞liᶬˈbun] --> They swim.

* MoGr verb «τρέχω» [ˈt̠ɾe̞.xo̞] --> to run < Classical Greek verb «τρέχω» /ˈtre.kʰɔː/ --> to run, hurry (PIE *dʰregʰ- to run isolated within Greek).
** MoGr verb «κολυμπάω/κολυμπώ» [ko̞liᶬˈba.o̞] (uncontracted)/[ko̞liᶬˈbo̞] (contracted) --> to swim < Classical Greek verb «κολυμβάω-κολυμβῶ» /kolymˈbɐ.ɔː/ (uncontracted)-/kolymˈbɔ̂ː/ (contracted) --> to dive, submerge, jump into the water, swim (per Beekes, the variant «κολυμφάω» /kolymˈpʰɐ.ɔː/ proves that it's Pre-Greek).

 

[Penyafort]

Catalan:

Three conjugations, but the 2nd and 3rd have two types:

PRESENT INDICATIVE
1st conjugation (verbs ending in -AR):
(Singular)
menjo - I eat | menges - you eat | menja - he/she/it eats
(Plural)
mengem - we eat | mengeu - you eat | mengen - they eat

2nd conjugation type 1 (verbs ending in -RE):
(Singular)
perdo - I lose | perds - you lose | perd - he/she/it loses
(Plural)
perdem - we lose | perdeu - you lose | perden - they lose

2nd conjugation type 2 (verbs ending in -ER):
(Singular)
temo - I fear | tems - you fear | tem - he/she/it fears
(Plural)
temem - we fear | temeu - you fear | temen - they fear

3rd conjugation type 1 (verbs ending in -IR):
(Singular)
dormo - I sleep | dorms - you sleep | dorm - he/she/it sleeps
(Plural)
dormim - we sleep | dormiu - you sleep | dormen - they sleep

3rd conjugation type 2 (verbs ending in -IR which use augment):
(Singular)
serveixo - I serve | serveixes - you serve | serveix - he/she/it serves
(Plural)
servim - we serve | serviu - you serve | serveixen - they serve

NOTE: This is Standard Central Catalan. Some endings and the augment may be slightly different in other varieties.

 

[Awwal12]

Russian has two basic conjugation patterns (officially, anyway; South Russian influence complicates things a bit). That being said, there are various morphologized phonetic shifts of the past, mobile stress (which also complicates things), and you must know the present tense stem of the verb to begin with. (Some verbs even have slightly different stems for infinitive, imperative, present/future and past/subjunctive forms.)
Here are several verbs to illustrate most points:
brát' (to take), brít' (to shave), pít' (to drink), lyubít' (to love/like)
1p.sg. berú, bréyu, p'yú, lyublyú
2p.sg. beryósh, bréyesh, p'yósh, lyúbish
3p.sg. beryót, bréyet, p'yót, lyúbit
1p.pl. beryóm, bréyem, p'yóm, lyúbim
2p.pl. beryóte, bréyete, p'yóte, lyúbite
3p.pl. berút, bréyut, p'yut, lyúbyat

(As usual, palatalization of consonants which don't appear before "i" or "e" is denoted by "y" before vowels and by an apostrophe otherwise; the combination -'y- stands for palatalization + /j/, mirroring the Cyrillic orthography of Russian. Non-palatalized consonants before /j/ are rare and hardly ever phonemic, making such transcription acceptable.)

 

[apmoy70]

Just wanted to add that the verbs belonging in the two conjugations I've posted earlier, are active voice verbs (meaning that the subject performs an action), these active verbs have (some of them) a mediopassive voice (the agent is also the patient (medium voice) or the subject is the patient who suffers the action of another agent (passive voice)), or, there are verbs that are active and have a mediopassive form (deponent verbs). These verbs belong into two different conjugations.
1st conjugation (mediopassive/deponent verbs ending in «-ομαι» [-o̞me̞]):
Singular present indicative
«-ομαι» [-o̞me̞]
«-εσαι» [-e̞s̠e̞]
«-εται» [-e̞t̠e̞]
«-όμαστε» [-ˈo̞.mas̠t̠e̞]
«-εστε» [-e̞s̠t̠e̞]
«-ονται» [-o̞ᵑde̞]
Eg: «Πλένομαι» [ˈple̞.no̞me̞]* --> to wash oneself
1st p. sing. «πλένομαι» [ˈple̞.no̞me̞] --> I wash myself
2nd p. sing. «πλένεσαι» [ˈple̞.ne̞s̠e̞] --> You wash yourself
3rd p. sing. «πλένεται» [ˈple̞.ne̞t̠e̞] --> S/he/it washes him/her/itself
1st p. pl. «πλενόμαστε» [ple̞ˈno̞.mas̠t̠e̞] --> We wash ourselves
2nd p. pl. «πλένεστε» [ˈple̞.ne̞s̠t̠e̞] --> You all wash yourselves
3rd p. pl. «πλένονται» [ˈple̞no̞ᵑde̞] --> They wash themselves.
2nd conjugation (mediopassive verbs with two types of endings «-ιέμαι» [-iˈe̞.me̞] & «-ούμαι» [-ˈu.me̞]):
Singular present indicative (Type 1)
«-ιέμαι» [-iˈe.me̞]
«-ιέσαι» [-iˈe̞.s̠e̞]
«-ιέται» [-iˈe̞.t̠e̞]
«-ιόμαστε» [-iˈo̞.mas̠t̠e̞]
«-ιέστε» [-iˈe̞.s̠t̠e̞]
«-ιούνται» [-iˈu.ᵑde̞]
Eg: «Αγαπιέμαι» [aɣapˈçe̞.me̞]** --> to be loved
1st p. sing. «αγαπιέμαι» [aɣapˈçe̞.me̞] (with synizesis) --> I'm loved
2nd p. sing. «αγαπιέσαι» [aɣapˈçe̞.s̠e̞] --> You're loved
3rd p. sing. «αγαπιέται» [aɣapˈçe̞t̠e̞] --> S/he/it's loved
1st p. pl. «αγαπιόμαστε» [aɣapˈço̞.mas̠t̠e̞] --> We're loved
2nd p. pl. «αγαπιέστε» [aɣapˈçe̞s̠t̠e̞] --> You all are loved
3rd p. pl. «αγαπιούνται» [aɣapˈçu.ᵑde̞] --> They're loved.
Singular present indicative (Type 2)
«-ούμαι» [-ˈu.me̞]
«-είσαι» [-ˈi.s̠e̞]
«-είται» [-ˈi.t̠e̞]
«-ούμαστε» [-ˈu.mas̠t̠e̞]
«-είστε» [-ˈi.s̠t̠e̞]
«-ούνται» [-ˈu.ᵑde̞]
Eg: «Θεωρούμαι» [θe̞.o̞ˈɾu.me̞]*** --> to be considered
1st p. sing. «θεωρούμαι» [θe̞.o̞ˈɾu.me̞] --> I'm considered
2nd p. sing. «θεωρείσαι» [θe̞.o̞ˈɾi.s̠e̞] --> You're considered
3rd p. sing. «θεωρείται» [θe̞.o̞ˈɾi.t̠e̞] --> S/he/it's considered
1st p. pl. «θεωρούμαστε» [θe̞.o̞ˈɾu.mas̠t̠e̞] --> We're considered
2nd p. pl. «θεωρείστε» [θe̞.o̞ˈɾi.s̠t̠e̞] --> You all are considered
3rd p. pl. «θεωρούνται» [θe̞.o̞ˈɾu.ᵑde̞] --> They're considered

*MoGr verb «πλένομαι» [ˈple̞.no̞me̞] --> to wash oneself is the mediopassive voice of the active verb «πλένω» [ˈple̞.no̞] --> to wash < Ancient Greek verb «πλύνω» /ˈply.nɔː/ --> to wash, clean (PIE *pleu̯- to flow, swim cf. Proto-Slavic *plavati (> R. плавить), Proto-Celtic *ɸlowī (> W. llyw), with o-grade lengthening, Proto-Germanic *flōaną (> Eng. flow)).
**MoGr verb «αγαπιέμαι» [aɣapˈçe̞.me̞] --> to be loved is the mediopassive voice of the active verb «αγαπάω/αγαπώ» [aɣaˈpa.o̞] (uncontracted)/[aɣaˈpo̞] (contracted) --> to love < Ancient Greek verb «ἀγαπάω-ἀγαπῶ» /ɐgɐˈpɐ.ɔː/ (uncontracted)-/ɐgɐˈpɔ̂ː/ (contracted) --> to receive with friendly feelings, like, love (possibly from the intensifying prefix «ἀγα-» /ɐgɐ-/ --> with/of great < IE *meǵ-h₂- great cf. Αvestan aš- e.g. ašaojah, with great strength).
***MoGr verb «θεωρούμαι» [θe̞.o̞ˈɾu.me̞] --> to be considered which is the mediopassive form of the active voice verb «θεωρώ» [θe̞.o̞ˈɾo̞] --> to consider, contemplate < Ancient Greek verb «θεωρέω-θεωρῶ» /tʰeɔːˈre.ɔː/ (uncontracted)-/tʰeɔːˈrɔ̂ː/ (contracted) --> to observe, contemplate, a denominative from the noun «θεωρός» /tʰeɔːˈros/ (masc. or fem.) --> spectator, envoy to a festival or an oracle, a compound: fem. noun «θέᾱ» /ˈtʰe.ɐː/ --> view, sight, aspect, spectacle (from Proto-Hellenic *θᾱϝᾱ *tʰɐwɐ > θέᾱ, a substrate word) + verb «ὁράω-ὁρῶ» /hoˈrɐ.ɔː/ (uncontracted)-/hoˈrɔ̂ː/ (contracted) --> to look, perceive, contemplate, see (PIE *uer- to observe, note cf. Proto-Germanic *war (> Eng. ware)).

 

[se16teddy]

In Irish, two factors complicate the picture:
- In the first person, the verb and pronoun (usually - I think there are regional etc variations) fuse to form a single word.
- In addition to the three persons and two numbers, there is a further ”person”, the “autonomous” form, used when you can’t or won’t specify the subject of the verb. If the verb is transitive, this is usually translated into English with a passive.

The verb comes before the subject, so:
bogaim = I move
bogann tú/sé/sí = you (singular), he/she/it/singular noun moves
bogaimid = we move
bogann sibh/siad = you/they/plural noun move
bogtar = is moved / some person or thing moves

 

[dojibear]

Chinese is boring. Male/female, singular/plural, 1st/2d/3d person: the verb doesn't change.
"Eat" is "chi" (吃). You only change the pronouns in a sentence:

wǒ chī = I eat
tā chī = he/she/it eats
tāmen chī = they eat

Japanese is the same, though "eat" is "taberu" (食べる).

 

[Roxxxannne]

English is only marginally less boring.

 

[Penyafort]

Esperanto being an IAL, the boredom is expected.

The present tense is always in -AS, no exceptions.

you eat = vi manĝas
she drinks = ŝi trinkas
I am = mi estas
we go = ni iras